万圣节的来历中英版短一点
发布网友
发布时间：2022-04-26 07:06
共2个回答
热心网友
时间：2022-06-25 01:57
Another Edition(English One):
Symbols of Halloween
Halloween originated as a celebration connected with evil spirits. Witches flying on broomsticks with ghosts, goblins and skeletons have all evolved as symbols of Halloween. Bats, owls and other nocturnal animals are also popular symbols of Halloween. They were originally feared because people believed that these creatures could communicate with the spirits of the dead.
Black cats are also symbols of Halloween and have religious origins as well. Black cats were considered to be reincarnated beings with the ability to divine the future. During the Middle Ages it was believed that witches could turn themselves into black cats. Thus when such a cat was seen, it was considered to be a witch in disguise. All these are popular trick-or-treat costumes and decorations for greeting cards and windows.
Black is one of the traditional Halloween colors, probably because Halloween festivals and traditions took place at night.
Pumpkins are also a symbol of Halloween. The pumpkin is an orange-colored squash, and orange has become the other traditional Halloween color. Carving pumpkins into jack- o'-lanterns is a Halloween custom also dating back to Ireland. A legend grew up about a man named Jack who was so stingy that he was not allowed into heaven when he died, because he was a miser. He couldn't enter hell either because he had played jokes on the devil. As a result, Jack had to walk on the earth with his lantern until Judgement Day. So Jack and his lantern became the symbol of a lost or damned soul. To scare these souls away on Halloween, the Irish people carved scary faces out of turnips, beets or potatoes representing "Jack of the Lantern," or Jack-o-lantern. When the Irish brought their customs to the United States, they carved faces on pumpkins because in the autumn they were more plentiful than turnips. Today jack-o-lanterns in the windows of a house on Halloween night let costumed children know that there are goodies waiting if they knock and say "Trick or Treat!"
参考译文：
万圣节前夜起源于与*幽灵相关的庆祝活动，所以骑着扫帚的女巫、幽灵、小妖精和骷髅都是万圣节的标志物。蝙蝠、猫头鹰和其他夜间活动的动物也是万圣节的普遍标志。起初，这些动物让人觉得非常可怕，因为人们认为这些动物能和死者的幽灵进行交流。
黑猫也是万圣节的标志物，并且也有一定的宗教起源。人们认为黑猫可以转生，具有预言未来的超能力。在中世纪，人们认为女巫可以变成黑猫，所以人们一看到黑猫就会认为它是女巫假扮的。这些标志物都是万圣节服装的普遍选择，也是贺卡或橱窗上很常用的装饰。
黑色是传统的万圣节颜色，这可能是因为万圣节前夜的各种传统或仪式都是在晚上举行。
南瓜也是万圣节的标志性象征。南瓜是橘*的，所以橘*也成了传统的万圣节颜色。用南瓜雕制南瓜灯也是一个万圣节传统，其历史也可追溯到爱尔兰。传说有一个名叫杰克的人非常吝啬，因而死后不能进入天堂，而且因为他取笑魔鬼也不能进入地狱，所以，他只能提着灯笼四处游荡，直到审判日那天。于是，杰克和南瓜灯便成了被诅咒的游魂的象征。人们为了在万圣节前夜吓走这些游魂，便用芜菁、甜菜或马铃薯雕刻成可怕的面孔来代表提着灯笼的杰克，这就是南瓜灯（Jack-o'-lantern）的由来。爱尔兰人迁到美国后，便开始用南瓜来进行雕刻，因为在美国秋天的时候南瓜比芜菁更充足。现在，如果在万圣节的晚上人们在窗户上挂上南瓜灯就表明那些穿着万圣节服装的人可以来
热心网友
时间：2022-06-25 01:57
Halloween's origins date back to the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain (pronounced sow-in).
The Celts, who lived 2,000 years ago in the area that is now Ireland, the United Kingdom, and northern France, celebrated their new year on November 1. This day marked the end of summer and the harvest and the beginning of the dark, cold winter, a time of year that was often associated with human death. Celts believed that on the night before the new year, the boundary between the worlds of the living and the dead became blurred. On the night of October 31, they celebrated Samhain, when it was believed that the ghosts of the dead returned to earth. In addition to causing trouble and damaging crops, Celts thought that the presence of the otherworldly spirits made it easier for the Druids, or Celtic priests, to make predictions about the future. For a people entirely dependent on the volatile natural world, these prophecies were an important source of comfort and direction ring the long, dark winter.
To commemorate the event, Druids built huge sacred bonfires, where the people gathered to burn crops and animals as sacrifices to the Celtic deities.
During the celebration, the Celts wore costumes, typically consisting of animal heads and skins, and attempted to tell each other's fortunes. When the celebration was over, they re-lit their hearth fires, which they had extinguished earlier that evening, from the sacred bonfire to help protect them ring the coming winter.
By A.D. 43, Romans had conquered the majority of Celtic territory. In the course of the four hundred years that they ruled the Celtic lands, two festivals of Roman origin were combined with the traditional Celtic celebration of Samhain.
The first was Feralia, a day in late October when the Romans traditionally commemorated the passing of the dead. The second was a day to honor Pomona, the Roman goddess of fruit and trees. The symbol of Pomona is the apple and the incorporation of this celebration into Samhain probably explains the tradition of "bobbing" for apples that is practiced today on Halloween.
By the 800s, the influence of Christianity had spread into Celtic lands. In the seventh century, Pope Boniface IV designated November 1 All Saints' Day, a time to honor saints and martyrs. It is widely believed today that the pope was attempting to replace the Celtic festival of the dead with a related, but church-sanctioned holiday. The celebration was also called All-hallows or All-hallowmas (from Middle English Alholowmesse meaning All Saints' Day) and the night before it, the night of Samhain, began to be called All-hallows Eve and, eventually, Halloween. Even later, in A.D. 1000, the church would make November 2 All Souls' Day, a day to honor the dead. It was celebrated similarly to Samhain, with big bonfires, parades, and dressing up in costumes as saints, angels, and devils. Together, the three celebrations, the eve of All Saints', All Saints', and All Souls', were called Hallowmas.
类似于圣诞节和复活节，万圣节和万圣夜同样来自于天主教对其它宗教的节日的吸收、改造和重新诠释。万圣夜起源于不列颠凯尔特人的传统节日，在10月的最后一天，他们相信这是夏天的终结，冬天的开始，这一天是一年的重要标志，是最重要的节日之一，被称为「死人之日」，或者「鬼节」。这一天各种恶鬼出没，死去人们的灵魂也会离开身体，在世间游走，这一天的晚上也就格外危险。为了吓走*的鬼魂，凯尔特人会戴上面具。传说当天主教传教士登陆不列颠诸岛的时候，传教士们为了压制这种被他们视为异端的德鲁伊传统，就把这一天之后的11月第一天定为万圣节，纪念天主教的圣人们，希望以此打压这些鬼怪观念。不过，诸圣日实际应源自天主教在意大利和高卢的一个隐修会本笃会（Order of Saint Benedict），本笃会会士一向习惯在11月1日的晚课中为亡者诵经，受这传统所影响，后来教会把11月1日定为诸圣日。万圣节和鬼节的习俗，主要是在英伦三岛和北美的前英属殖民地，也就是美国、加拿大、澳洲、纽西兰等地。其中美国的万圣夜传统，最初由来自爱尔兰和苏格兰的移民于19世纪传入，而其它发达国家则于20世纪末受美国流行文化影响而开始庆祝万圣夜。
凯尔特人的萨温节
在古凯尔特人的信仰里，新的一年于11月1日开始，或称萨温节（Samhain）。正如比较短的白天象征新一年的开始，日落亦象征新一天的开始；所以每年收割的节庆于10月31日晚上开始。不列颠群岛的德鲁伊教徒会燃点农作物作为祭品，而当他们围着火堆跳舞时，太阳季节便会完结而萨温节随即开始。凯尔特人相信死亡之神Samhain在10月31日的晚上会和鬼魂一起重返人间，寻找替身。因此他们燃点火炬，焚烧动物以作为死亡之神的献礼。还会用动物的头或皮毛做成的服饰打扮自己，发出古怪的声音，使死亡之神认不出自己，避过灾难。这就是今天万圣节化妆舞会的由来。过了当晚，鬼魂回到阴间，一切回复平静。
11月1日早上，德鲁伊把火堆中仍在燃烧的炭烬分给每一家，用来点燃新的厨房火焰。这些火焰是用来让家里保持温暖，并且赶走恶灵。因为此时被认为是一年中连接阴阳世界无形之门开启，而且两个世界可能产生相互沟通的时刻。
篝火是节日里的重要节目。村民们把宰牲的牛骨扔到火堆上；据传「篝火」一词源自「骨头火堆」。篝火燃起之后，村民们把其余的灯火全部熄灭。然后每个家庭用同一个火种庄严地点燃自家壁炉，以此作为全村人紧密团结的标志。至今在爱尔兰，仍然有数百处篝火在万圣夜当晚点燃。
新异教徒 仍然在万圣夜举行Samhain的半夜拜鬼仪式，以及其它的传统节日活动。
挪威圣灵节（Elven Blót）
在古老传说（挪威宗教）以及如今的恢复传统研究（Ásatrú）中提到，万圣夜当天曾是一个祭献的节日blót，宰杀牲口祭献精灵，供奉食物祈神赐福。
一首1020年左右的诗作，Sigvatr Þorðarson的Austrfaravísur （「东方旅行诗（Eastern-journey verses）」） 有此记录。作者作为一个*徒， 曾拒绝在瑞典的一家异教徒那里投宿，因为álfablót（「精灵祭献」) 正在那儿举行。但是，有关「álfablót」的内容我们无法获得更多可靠的数据。不过，像其它献祭仪式（blót）一样，有供奉食物这个环节，后来斯堪的纳维亚人也保留了以牲口祭献精灵的传统。 从献祭的日子（靠近秋分）来看，还因为精灵和生育以及祖先有联系，我们可以猜测这些祭礼实质是在祭奠祖先，同时祈求人丁兴旺。
万圣节传统
自17世纪起，庆祝万圣节的传统在南部英格兰逐渐消失，代之以在11月5日举行的火药密谋（Gunpowder Plot）纪念会。不过在苏格兰，爱尔兰和北部英格兰万圣节依然盛行。直到最近十年，南部英格兰人才重新开始庆祝万圣节，只是方式完全美国化了。
传统的庆祝仪式在爱尔兰几乎被完全保留。在那里10月份的最后一个星期一是公众假日，所有学校停课，准备在接下来的一个星期举行期中考试。这个假日通常叫做万圣节假期。因此爱尔兰是在万圣节给学生们放假的唯一一个国家，所以可以自由地庆祝，保留了古老相传的传统。。
