铁路工程英语常用词汇

铁路线 railway line；railroad line

铁路网 railway network； railroad network 铁道科学 railway science 铁路技术 railway technology 铁路等级 railway classification

国有铁路 national railway； state railway 地方铁路 local railway； regional railway 私有铁路 private railway

合资铁路 joint investment railway； jointly owned railway

标准轨铁路 standard-gage railway 窄轨铁路 narrow-gage railway 米轨铁路 meter-gage railway 宽轨铁路 broad-gage railway 单线铁路 single track railway 双线铁路 double track railway 多线铁路 multiple track railway 重载铁路 heavy haul railway 高速铁路 high speed railway

电气化铁路；电力铁路 electrified railway；electric railway

干线铁路 main line railway；trunk railway 市郊铁路 suburban railway

地下铁道；地铁 subway； metro； underground railway 工业企业铁路 industry railway 矿山铁路 mine railway

轻轨铁路 light railway； light rail 高架铁路 elevated railway

单轨铁路；独轨铁路 monorail； monorail railway 磁浮铁路 magnetic levitation railway； maglev 森林铁路 forest railway

山区铁路 mountain railway 既有铁路 existing railway 新建铁路 newly-built railway 改建铁路 reconstructed railway

运营铁路 railway in operation； operation； operating railway

专用铁路 special purpose railway 干线 trunk line； main line 支线 branch line

铁路专用线 railway special line

货运专线 railway line for freight traffic； freight special line； freight traffic only line

客运专线 railway line for passenger traffic； passenger special line； passenger traffic only line

客货运混合铁路 railway line for mixed passenger and freight traffic

铁路运营长度；运营里程 operation length of railway； operating distance； revenue length 列车运行图 train diagram

铁路建筑长度 construction length of railway 区间 section 区段 district

轨距 rail gage； rail gauge 轮重 wheel load 轴重 axle load

最大轴重 maximum allowable axle load 限制轴重 axle load limited 限界 clearance；gauge 限界图 clearance diagram

铁路建筑限界 railway construction clearance；structure clearance for railway； railway structure gauge 基本建筑限界 fundamental construction clearance；fundamental structure gauge

桥梁建筑限界 bridge construction clearance；bridge structure gauge

隧道建筑界限 tunnel construction clearance；tunnel structure gauge

铁路机车车辆限界 rolling stock clearance for railway；vehicle gauge

机车车辆上部限界 clearance limit for upper part of rolling stock

机车车辆下部限界 clearance limit for lower part of rolling stock

装载限界 loading clearance limit；loading gauge 阔大货物限界 clearance limit for freight with exceptional dimension； clearance limit for oversize commodities

接触网限界 clearance limit for overhead contract wire 列车与线路相互作用 track-train interaction 轮轨关系 wheel-rail relation； wheel-rail interaction 粘着系数 adhesion coefficient 车轮滑行 wheel sliding； wheel skid 车轮空转 wheel slipping

牵引种类 kinds of traction； category of traction 牵引方式 mode of traction

牵引定数 tonnage rating； tonnage of traction 装载系数 loading coefficient 速度 speed

持续速度 continuous speed

限制速度 limited speed； speed restriction 均衡速度 balancing speed

构造速度 construction speed； design speed 最高速度 maximum speed 临界速度 critical speed 重载列车 heavy haul train 高速列车 high speed train

超长超重列车 exceptionally long and heavy train 列车正面冲突 train collision 列车尾追 train tail collision

列车尾部防护 train rear end protection 伸缩运动 fore and aft motion 蛇行运动 hunting； nosing 列车压缩 train running in 列车拉伸 train running out 列车分离 train separation 列车颠覆 train overturning 列车动力学 train dynamics 列车空气动力学 train acrodynamics 机车车辆振动 vibration of rolling stock 纵向振动 longitudinal vibration 横向振动 lateral vibration 垂向振动 vertical vibration 摆滚振动 rock-roll vibration 浮沉振动 bouncing； vibration 测滚振动 rolling ； vibration 测摆振动 swaying； vibration 点头振动 pitching； nodding 摇头振动 yawing； hunting

机车车辆共振 resonance of rolling stock 机车车辆冲击 impact of rolling 纵向冲击 longitudinal impact 横向冲击 lateral impact 垂向冲击 vertical impact

货运站综合作业自动化 automation of synthetic operations at freight station

行车指挥自动化 automation of traffic control 编组场综合作业自动化 automation of synthetic operations in marshalling yard

铁路运营信息系统 railway operation information

system

铁路数据交换系统 railway data exchange system 运营系统模拟 simulation of operation system 铁路法 railway law 铁道法规 railway act 铁路条例 railway code

铁路技术管理规程 regulations of railway technical operation

综合运输 comprehensive transport； multi-mode transport； intermode transport

国际铁路联运 international railway through traffic 大陆桥；洲际铁路 transcontinental railway； intercontinental railway； land-railway

国际联运协定 agreement of international through traffic 国际联运议定书 protocol of international through traffic 国际铁路联运公约 convention of international railway through traffic

铁路新线建设 newly-built railway construction 铁路技术改造 technical reform of railway； technical renovation of railway； betterment and improvement of railway

铁路主要技术条件 main technical standard of railway； main techincal requirement of railway 单位工程 unit project 分部工程 part project 分项工程 item project

预可行性研究 pre-feasibility study 项目建议书 proposed task of project 可行性研究 feasibility study

设计阶段 design phase； design stage

三阶段设计 three-step design； three-phase design 两阶段设计 two-step design； two-phase design 一阶段设计 one-step design； one-phase design

初步设计 preliminary design 技术设计 technical design

扩大初步设计 enlarged preliminary design； expanded preliminary design

施工图设计 construction detail design； working-drawing design 变更设计 altered design

设计概算 approximate estimate of design； budgetary estimate of design

个别概算 individual approximate estimate 综合概算 comprehensive approximate estimate 总概算 sum of approximate estimate； total estimate； summary estimate

修正总概算 amended sum of approximate estimate；

revised general estimate 调整总概算 adjusted sum of approximate estimate 投资检算 checking of investment

预算定额 rating of budget； rating form for budget 概算定额 rating of approximate estimate； rating form for estimate

投资估算 investment estimate 估算指标 index of estimate

机械台班定额 rating per machine per team； rating per machine-team

工程直接费 direct expense of project； direct cost of project

工程间接费 indirect expense of project； indirect cost of project

工程预备费 reserve fund of project

设计鉴定 certification of design； appraisal of design 竣工决算 final accounts of completed project 铁路用地 right-of-way

铁路勘测 railway reconnaissance

调查测绘 survey and drawing of investigation； investigation survey； investigation surveying and sketching

地形调查 topographic survey

地貌调查 topographic feature survey； geomorphologic survey

地质调查 geologic survey

经济调查 economic investigation； economic survey 水文地质调查 hydrogeologic survey

土石成分调查 survey of soil and rock composition 土石物理力学性质 physical and mechanical properties of soil and rock

土石分类 classification of soil and rock

地基承载力 bearing capacity of foundation； bearing capacity of ground； bearing of subgrade

隧道围岩分级 classification of tunnel surrounding rock 地质图测绘 survey and drawing of geological map； surveying and sketching of geological map 勘探 exploration； prospecting 挖探 excavation prospecting 钻探 boring； exploration drilling 物探 geophysical prospecting 室内测试 indoor test； laboratory test 原位测试 in situ test

静力触探 static sounding； static probing； cone penetration test

动力触探试验 dynamic penetration test 标准贯入试验 standard penetration test 区域地质 regional geology 工程地质 engineering geology 不良地质 unfavorable geology 特殊地质 special geology

工程地质条件 engineering geologic requirement；

engineering geologic condition 气象资料 meteorological data 冻结深度 freezing depth

地震基本烈度 basic intensity of earthquake； seismic basic intensity

工程地质图 engineering geological map

地层柱状图 column diagram of stratum； graphic logs of strata； drill log of stratum 洪水调查 flood survey 河道调查 river course survey

冰凌调查 ice floe survey； frazil ice survey

汇水区流域特征调查 survey of catchment basin characteristics

水文断面 hydrologic sectional drawing； hydrologic section； hydrologic cross-section 主河槽 main river channel 设计流速 design current velocity 设计高程；设计标高 design elevation

河流比降 slope of river； comparable horizon of river 历史洪水位 historic flood level 最高水位 highest water level； HWL 通航水位 navigation water level； NWL 桥涵水文 hydrology of bridge and culvert 水利半径 hydraulic radius

桥前壅水高度 backwater height in front of bridge； top water level in front of bridge

桥渡勘测设计 survey and design of bridge crossing 水面坡度 slope of water surface 水文测量 hydrological survey

泥石流流域 catchment basin of debris flow 分水岭 watershed； dividing ridge

汇水面积 catchment area； water collecting area； drainage area

洪水频率 flood frequency 设计流量 design discharge 设计水位 design water level

施工水位 construction level； construction water level； working water level

设计洪水过程线 designed flood hydrograph 容许冲刷 allowable scour 一般冲刷 general scour

局部冲刷 local scour； partial scour 铁路测量 railway survey

线路踏勘；草测 route reconnaissance 初测 preliminary survey

定测 location survey； alignment； final location survey 导线测量 traversing； traverse survey 光电导线 photoelectric traverse 地形测量 topographical survey

横断面测量 cross leveling； cross-section survey； cross-section leveling

线路测量 route survey； profile survey； longitudinal survey

既有线测量；旧线测量 survey of existing railway 线路复测 repetition survey of existing railway； resurvey of existing railway

测量精度 survey precision； precision of survey 均方差；中误差 mean square error

最大误差；极限误差 maximum error； limiting error 中线测量 center line survey 中线桩 center line stake

加桩 additional stake； plus stake

外移桩 shift out stake； stake outward； offset stake 水准点高程测量 benchmark leveling 中桩高程测量；中平 center stake leveling 曲线控制点 curve control point

放线 setting-out of route； lay out of route 交点 intersection point

副交点 auxiliary intersection point 转向角 deflection angle

分转向角 auxiliary deflection angle 坐标方位角 plane-coordinate azimuth 象限角 quadrantal angle

经纬距 plane rectangular coordinate 断链 broken chain

投影断链 projection of broken chain 断高 broken height

铁路航空摄影测量；铁路航测 railway aerial

photogrammetry 铁路航空勘测 railway aerial surveying

航带设计 flight strip design； design of flight strip 铁路工程地质遥感 remote sensing of railway engineering geology 测段 segment of survey

航测选线 aerial surveying alignment

航测外控点 field control point of aerophotogrammetry 全球定位系统 global positioning system； GPS 像片索引图 index of photography

三角测量 trigonometric survey； triangulation 精密导线测量 precise traverse survey； accurate traverse survey

三角高程测量 trigonometric leveling

隧道洞外控制测量 ouside tunnel control survey 隧道洞内控制测量 in tunnel control survey； through survey

隧道洞口投点 horizontal point of tunnel portal； geodetic control point of portal location of adit 桥轴线测量 survey of bridge axis

铁路选线 railway location； approximate railway

location； location of railway route selection

平原地区选线 location in plain region； plain location 越岭选线 location of mountain line； location of line in mountain region； location over mountain

山区河谷选线 mountain and valley region location； location of line of in mountain and valley region 丘陵地段选线 hilly land location； location of line on hilly land

工程地质选线 engineering geoligic location of line 线间距 distance between centers of tracks； midway between tracks

车站分布 distribution of stations

方案比选 scheme comparison； route alternative 投资回收期 repayment period of capital cost 纸上定线 paper location of line

缓坡地段 section of easy grade； section of gentle slope 紧坡地段 section of sufficient grade

非紧坡地段 section of unsufficient grade； section fo insufficient grade

导向线 leading line； alignment guiding line 拔起高度；克服高度 height of lifting； lifting height； ascent of elevation

横断面选线 cross-section method of railway location； location with cross-section method； cross-section method for location of line

展线 extension of line； development of line； line development

展线系数 coefficient of extension line； coefficient of development line 套线 overlapping line

线路平面图 track plan； line plan 线路纵断面图 track profile； line profile 站坪长度 length of station site

站坪坡度 grade of station site

控制区间 control section； controlling section 最小曲线半径 minimum radius of curve 圆曲线 circular curve 单曲线 simple curve

缓和曲线 transition curve； easement curve； spiral transition curve

缓和曲线半截变更率 rate of easement curvature； rate of transition curve 复曲线 compound curve

同向曲线 curves of same sense； adjacent curves in one direction

反向曲线 reverse curve； curve of opposite sense 夹直线 intermediate straight line； tangent between curves

坡度 grade； gradient； slope 人字坡 double spur grade

限制坡度 ruling grade； limiting grade 加力牵引坡度 pusher grade； assisting grade 最大坡度 maximum grade 临界坡度 critical grade

长大坡度 long steep grade； long heavy grade 动力坡度 momentum grade 均衡坡度 balanced grade 有害地段 harmful district 无害地段 harmless district

变坡点 point of gradient change； breake in grade 坡段 grade section

坡段长度 length of grade section

坡度差 algebraic difference between adjacent gradients 竖曲线 vertical curve

分坡平段 level stretch between opposite sign gradient 缓和坡度 slight grade； flat grade； easy grade

起动缓坡 flat gradient for starting

加速缓坡 easy gradient for acceleration； accelerating grade

坡度折减 compensation of gradient； gradient compensation； grade compensation

曲线折减 compensation of curve； curve compesation 隧道坡度折减 compensation of gradient in tunnel； compensation grade in tunnel

绕行地段 detouring section； round section 换侧；换边 change side of double line

容许应力设计法 allowable stress design method 破损阶段设计法 plastic stage design method 极限状态设计法 limit state design method

概率极限状态设计法；可靠度设计法 probabilistic limit state design method

地震系数法 seismic coefficient method

路基 subgrade； road bed； formation subgrade 岩石路基 rock subgrade

渗水土路基 permeable soil subgrade； pervious embankment

非渗水土路基 non-permeable soil subgrade； impervious embankment

特殊土路基 subgrade of special soil

软土地区路基 subgrade in soft soil zone； subgrade in soft； clay region

泥沼地区路基 subgrade in bog zone； subgrade in morass region； subgrade in swampland

膨胀土地区路基；裂土地区路基 subgrade in swelling soil zone； subgrade in expansive soil region

盐渍土地区路基 subgrade in salty soil zone； subgrade in saline soil region

多年冻土路基 subgrade in permafrost soil zone 特殊条件下的路基 subgrade under special condition

河滩路堤 embankment on plain river beach 滨河路堤 embankment on river bank

水库路基 subgrade in reservoir； embankment crossing reservoir

崩塌地段路基 subgrade in rock fall district； subgrade in collapse zone

岩堆地段路基 subgrade in rock deposit zone； subgrade in talus zone； subgrade in scree zone 滑坡地段路基 subgrade in slide

岩溶地段路基；喀斯特地段路基 subgrade in karst zone 洞穴地段路基 subgrade in cavity zone； subgrade in cavern zone

风沙地段路基 subgrade in windy and sandy zone； subgrade in desert

雪害地段路基 subgrade in snow damage zone； subgrade in snow disaster zone

泥石流地段路基 subgrade in debris flow zone 路基横断面 subgrade cross-section 路基面 subgrade surface； formation

路基面宽度 width of the subgrade surface； formation width

路拱 road crown； subgrade crown 路肩 Road shoulder； subgrade shoulder 路肩高程 formation level； shoulder level 路堤 embankment； fill 路堑 cut； road； cutting

半堤半堑 part-cut and part-fill section； cut and fill section

基床 subgrade bed； formation

基床表层 surface layer of subgrade bed； formation top layer； surface layer of subgrade

基床表层 bottom layer of subgrade； formation base layer； bottom layer of subgrade bed

线路工程 railway line engineering

铁路勘测；铁道勘测 railway reconnaissance

铁路选线；铁道选线 railway route selection；railway location；approximate railway location；location of railway route selection

经济勘察 economic investigation

地质调查 geological survey；geologic survey 方案比较 project comparison

铁路勘探；铁道勘探 railway exploration 铁路测量；铁道测量 railway survey

线路测量 route survey；profile survey；longitudinal survey

曲线测量 curve survey

既有线测量 survey of existing line；survey of existing railway

铁路线路图；铁道线路图 railway map 定线 location of line

铁路设计；铁道设计 railway design 线路设计 track design 平面设计 plane design

纵断面设计 longitudinal section design 横断面设计 transverse section design 曲线设计 curve design 车站设计 station design

站场设计 design of stations and yards 标准设计 standard design 线路等级 line grade

铁路限界；铁道限界 railway clearance 建筑限界 construction clearance 设计规范 code of design 设计标准 design standard 铁路线路；铁道线路 railway line 铁路曲线；铁道曲线 railway curve

缓和曲线 transition curve；easement curve；spiral transition curve

小半径曲线 small-radius curve 曲线半径 curve radius

曲线超高 super elevation on curve；cant；elevation of curve

欠超高 inadequate super elevation；deficient super elevation

未被平衡加速度 unbalanced acceleration 竖曲线 vertical curve 坡道 gradient

坡度 grade；gradient；slope 限制坡度 ruling grade；limiting grade

坡度折减 grade compensation；compensation of gradient；gradient compensation 避难线 refuge siding；catch siding 双线插入段 double track interpolation

铁路连接线；铁道连接线 railway connecting line 隧道内线路 line in tunnel 桥头引线 bridge approach 站线 siding

站线长度 length of station line 铁路标志；铁道标志 railway sign 警冲标 fouling point indicator；fouling post 线路中心线 track center line；central lines of track 线间距离；线间距 distance between centers of lines；distance between centers of tracks；midway between tracks 线路试验；线路实验 track test；road test；running test 路基 subgrade

铁路路基；路基；铁道路基 railway subgrade；subgrade 软土路基 soft soil subgrade 沙漠路基 desert subgrade 冻土路基 permafrost subgrade

膨胀土路基 subgrade in swelling soil zone 路基基床 subgrade bed 路堤 embankment；fill 高路堤 high-fill embankment 路堑 cut；road cutting 深路堑 deep cutting

路肩 road shoulder；subgrade shoulder 边坡 side slope

护坡 revetment；slope protection；pitching 路基滑动 subgrade slip

滑坡防治 landslide preventive treatment 路基排水 subgrade drainage 塑料排水板 plastic drainage board 路基加固 subgrade strengthening 土工织物 geotextile

挡土墙；挡墙 retaining walls 锚定板 anchor plate 锚杆 anchor bolt

抗滑桩 antiskid pile；anti-slide pile；counter-sliding pile 加筋土 reinforced earth 植被 vegetation

路基防护 subgrade protection 防护工程 protective engineering 防护林 protection forest 防沙 sand proof 固沙 stabilization of sand 输导砂 sediment transport 路侧建筑物 roadside structure

排水沟 weeper drain；weep drain；drainage ditch；drain ditch

挡风墙 wind-shield wall；wind-break wall 隔声墙 sound-proof wall 防雪栅 snow fence；snow guard

轨道理论 track theory 轨道设计 track design 轨道参数 track parameter

轨距 track gauge；rail gage；rail gauge 轨距加宽 track gauge widening 轨底坡 cant of rail；rail cant

轨道力学 track dynamics；track mechanics 轨道强度 track strength 轨道阻力 track resistance

道床阻力 trackbed resistance；ballast resistance 扣固力 fastening force 钢轨应力 rail stress

轨道承载力 track bearing capacity

轨道稳定性 track stability；stability of track 轨道试验；轨道实验 track test

轮轨关系 wheel-rail interaction；wheel-rail relation 轮轨动力学 wheel-rail dynamics 轮轨作用力 wheel-rail force 轮轨接触 wheel-rail contact 接触应力 contact stress 轨道结构 track structure 轨道 track

铁路轨道；轨道；铁道轨道 railway track；track 线路上部建筑；轨道 track superstructure；track 重型轨道 heavy track

宽轨枕轨道 broad sleeper track 板式轨道 slab track；slab-track 整体道床轨道 monolithic roadbed track 防振轨道 anti-vibration track 高架轨道 elevated track

无缝线路 jointless line；continuously welded rail track；jointless track

桥上轨道结构 bridge deck track structure

隧道内轨道结构 track structure in tunnel 钢轨 steel rail 重型钢轨 heavy rail 长钢轨 long rail

焊接长钢轨 long welded rail

缩短轨 shortened rail；standard shortened rail；fabricated short rail used on curves；standard curtailed rail 热处理钢轨 heat-treated rail 合金钢轨 alloy steels rail 旧钢轨 used rail 钢轨钢 rail steel 钢轨螺栓孔 rail bolt hole 轨缝 rail gap；joint gap 钢轨焊缝 rail welding seam 钢轨接头 rail joint 异型接头 compromise joint 伸缩接头 expansion joint

焊接接头 welding joint；welded joint

绝缘接头 track section insulator；insulated joint 胶接接头 adhesive joint 鱼尾板 fish plate 鱼尾螺栓 fish bolt

扣件 fastening；rail fastening

弹性扣件 elastic fastening；elastic rail fastening 弹条式扣件 elastic rod type fastening

分开式扣件 separated fastening；separated rail fastening；indirect holding fastening 扣板式扣件 clip fastening 刚性扣件 rigid fastening 垫圈 ring

道钉 spike；track spike；rail spike；dog spike 螺纹道钉 threading spike；screw spike 垫板 tie-plate；tie plate

橡胶垫板 rubber tie-plate；rubber tie plate 防爬器 anticreeper；anti-creeper；rail anchor 轨距拉杆 gauge tie rod

轨下基础 underrail foundation；sub-rail foundation；sub-rail track bed

轨枕 sleeper；tie；cross tie 木枕 wooden sleeper；wooden tie

混凝土枕；砼枕 concrete sleeper；concrete tie 轨枕板；宽轨枕 sleeper slab；broad sleeper 钢枕 steel sleeper；steel tie 合成轨枕 composite sleeper 纵向轨枕 longitudinal tie

岔枕 points sleeper；switch tie；turnout tie 桥枕 bridge tie；bridge sleeper 轨排 track panel；track skeleton 枕下胶垫 rubber pad under sleeper 道床 track bed；ballast bed 碎石道床 ballast bed

整体道床 monolithic track bed；solid bed；integrated ballast bed；monolithic concrete bed

沥青道床 bituminous raodbed；asphalt roadbed；asphalt cemented ballast bed 石棉道床 asbestos ballast 道碴 ballast

道床覆盖 ballast cover

轨道附属设备 track auxiliary equipment 钢轨涂油器 rail lubricator 融雪器 snow melter

复轨器 replacer；re-railer；rerailing device 脱轨器 derailer

车挡 bumper；bumper post

道岔 switch；point；turnout；switches and crossings 单开道岔 single point；simple turnout；lateral turnout

双开道岔 double turnout

三开道岔 three-throw turnout；symmetrical three throw turnout；three-way turnout 交分道岔 slip switch 高速道岔 high-speed switch 切线型道岔 tangent turnout 道岔设计 turnout design 过岔速度 switch crossing speed 辙叉 frog；crossing 整铸辙叉 integrated cast frog

锰钢辙叉 manganese steel frog crossing 焊接辙叉 welding frog crossing

组合辙叉 combined frog；assembled frog

可动心轨辙叉 movable point frog；movable-point frog 可动翼轨辙叉 movable wing rails；movable-wing frog 核子密度湿度测定 determination of nuclear density-moisture

路基承载板测定 determination of bearing slab of subgrade

预留沉落量 reserve settlement；settlement allowance 反压护道 berm with superloading；berm for back pressure；counter swelling berm 石灰砂桩 lime sand pile

换土 change soil；soil replacement

爆破排淤 blasting discharging sedimentation；silt arresting by explosion；discharge of sedimentation by blasting

抛石挤淤 throwing stones to packing sedimentation；packing sedimentation by throwing stones； packing up sedimentation by dumping stones

路堑石方爆破 rock cutting blasting； rock blasting in cut

定向爆破 directional blasting

浅孔爆破 shallow hole blasting 深孔爆破 deep hole blasting

洞室药包爆破 chamber explosive package blasting；chamber blasting

扬弃爆破 abandoned blasting；abandonment blasting 抛掷爆破 pin-point blasting 松动爆破 blasting for loosening rock 药壶爆破 pot hole blasting

裸露腰包爆破 adobe blasting；contact blasting 路堑边坡 cutting slope；side slope of cut 堑顶 top of cutting slope；top of cutting 路堑平台 platform of cutting；berm in cutting 弃土堆 waste bank； bankette； spoil bank 挡土墙 retaining wall

重力式挡土墙 gravity retaining wall

衡重式挡土墙 balance weight retaining wall；gravity retaining wall with relieving platform；balanced type retaining wall

锚定板挡土墙 anchored retaining wall by tie rods；anchored bulkhead retaining wall； anchored plate retaining wall

加筋土挡土墙 reinforced earth retaining wall；reinforced soil retaining wall

锚杆挡墙 anchored bolt retaining wall； anchoraged retaining wall by tie rods

管柱挡墙 cylindrical shaft retaining wall 沉井挡墙 caisson retaining wall

抗滑桩 anti-slide pile； counter-sliding pile 护墙 guard wall tielu 铁路施工

护坡 slope protection； revertment； pitching 排水沟 weep drain； drainage ditch； drain ditch 边沟；侧沟 side ditch

天沟 gutter； overhead ditch； intercepting ditch

吊沟 suspended ditch 跌水 hydraulic drop

截水沟 intercepting ditch； catch-drain 急流槽 chute

排水槽 drainage channel 渗水暗沟 blind drain

渗水隧洞 leak tunnel； permeable tunnel； drainage tunnel

渗井 leaching well； seepage well 渗管 leaky pipe

平孔排水 horizontal hole drainage

反滤层 reverse filtration layer； inverted filter； protective filter

检查井 inspection well； manhole 砂井；排水砂井 sand drain

隔断层 insulating course； insulating layer

透水路堤 pervious embankment； permeable embankment

渗水路堤 immerseable embankment

排水砂垫层 sand filled drainage layer； drainage sand blanker

坡面防护 slope protection 护岸 revetment； shore protection 导流堤 diversion dike

拦石墙 stone cut off wall； stone falling wall； buttree 落石槽 stone falling channel； trough for catching falling rocks

柴排 firewood raft； mattress； willow fascine 固沙造林 stabilization for sands by afforestation 挡风墙 wind-break wall 防风栅栏 wind break fence 砂土液化 sand liquefaction

中-活载 CR-live loading； China railway standard

loading

桥梁标准活载 standard live load for bridge 桥梁荷载谱 bridge load spectrum 换算均布活载 equivalent uniform live load 设计荷载 design load 主力 principal load 恒载 dead load 土压力 earth load

静水压力 hydrostatic pressure 浮力 buoyancy

列车活载 live load of train

列车离心力 centrifugal force of train 列车冲击力；冲击荷载 impact force of train 冲击系数 coefficient of impact 人行道荷载 sidewalk loading

附加力 subsidiary load； secondary load 列车制动力 braking force of train 列车牵引力 tractive force of train 风荷载 wind load

列车横向摇摆力 lateral swaying force of train 流水压力 pressure of water flow 冰压力 ice pressure 冻胀力 frost heaving force 特殊荷载 particular load

船只或排筏的撞击力 collision force of ship or raft 地震力 seismic force 地震烈度 earthquake intensity 地震震级 earthquake magnitude 施工荷载 constructional loading 荷载组合 loading combination 铁路桥 railway bridge

公铁两用桥 combined bridge； combined highway and railway bridge； combined rail-cum-road bridge

跨线桥；立交桥 overpass bridge； grade separation bridge； flyover 高架桥 viaduct 旱桥 dry bridge

人行桥 foot bridge； pedestrian bridge 圬工桥 masonry bridge 钢桥 steel bridge

铆接钢桥 riveted steel bridge

栓焊钢桥 bolted and welded steel bridge 全焊钢桥 all welded steel bridge

摩擦结合式高强度螺栓 high strength friction grip bolt 扭剪式高强度螺栓 torshear type high strength blot 螺栓示功扳手 bolt wrench with indicator 混凝土桥 concrete bridge

钢筋混凝土桥 reinforced concrete bridge 预应力混凝土桥 prestressed concrete bridge

先张法预应力梁 pretensioned prestressed concrete girder 后张法预应力梁 post-tensioned prestressed concrete girder

部分预应力混凝土桥 partially prestressed concrete bridge

结合梁桥 composite beam bridge 低高度梁 shallow girder

无碴无枕梁 girder without ballast and sleeper

型钢混凝土梁；劲性骨架混凝土梁 girder with rolled steel section encased in concrete； skeleton reinforced concrete girder

简支梁桥 simply supported beam bridge 连续梁桥 continuous beam bridge 悬臂梁桥 cantilever beam bridge 板桥 slab bridge

空心板桥 hollow slab bridge 板梁 plate girder

工形梁 I-beam 箱形梁 box girder 槽形梁 trough girder 桁架 truss

拆装式桁架 demountable truss 刚架桥；刚构桥 rigid frame bridge

斜腿刚架桥；斜腿刚构桥 strutted beam bridge； slant-legged rigid frame bridge 悬板桥；悬带桥 stressed ribbon bridge 悬索桥；吊桥 suspension bridge 斜拉桥 cable-stayed bridge

浮桥 pontoon bridge； floating bridge； bateau bridge 拱桥 arch bridge

固端拱；无铰拱 fixed-end arch 双铰拱 two-hinged arch 三铰拱 three-hinged arch

实腹拱 spandrel-filled arch； solid-spandrel arch 空腹拱 open-spandrel arch

双曲拱 two-way curved arch； cross-curved arch 系杆拱；柔性系杆刚性拱 tied arch

榔格尔式桥；刚性系杆柔性拱桥 Langer bridge； flexible arch bridge with rigid tie

洛泽式桥；直悬杆式刚性拱刚性梁桥 Lohse bridge； rigid arch bridge with rigid tie and vertical sespenders 尼尔森桥 Nielsen systen bridge

尼尔森式骆泽梁桥；斜悬杆式刚性拱梁桥 Nielsen type Lhse bridge； rigid arch bridge with fighd tie and inclined suspenders

活动桥 movable bridge 竖旋桥 bascule bridge 平旋桥 swing bridge 升降桥 lift bridge 正交桥 right bridge

斜交桥 skew bridge 曲线桥 curved bridge 曲梁 curved beam 特大桥 super maior bridge 大桥 major bridge 中桥 medium bridge 小桥 minor bridge 单线桥 single track bridge 双线桥 double track bridge 多线桥 multi-track bridge 正桥； 主桥 main bridge 引桥 approach spans 上承式桥 deck bridge

半穿式桥；中承式 half through bridge； midheight deck bridge

下承式桥 through bridge 双层桥 double-deck bridge 永久性桥 permanent bridge 临时性桥；便桥 temporary bridge 跨径；跨度 span 净跨 clear spam

桥梁全长 overall length of bridge 桥下净空 underneath clearance

主梁中心距 center to center distance between main girder 节间长度 panel length 梁高 depth of girder 拱度 camber 挠度 deflection 节间 panel

锚跨；锚孔 anchor span 悬跨；吊孔 suspended span 桥梁上部结构 superstructure 腹板 web plate

翼缘 flange 翼缘板 flange plate 弦杆 chord member 腹杆 web member 斜杆 diagonal member 竖杆 vertical member 吊杆 suspender hanger 加劲杆 stiffener 节点 panel point 节点板 gusset plate 拼接板 splice plate 缀条 lacing bar

缀板 stay plate； tie plate 侧向水平联结系 lateral bracing 横联 sway bracing 制动撑架 braking bracing 桥门架 portal frame 纵梁 stringer

横梁 floor beam； transverse beam 桥面系 floor system 端横梁 end floor beam 起重横梁 jacking floor beam

梁端缓冲梁 auxiliary girder for controlling angle change 应变时效 strain ageing 碳当量 carbon equivalent 钢丝 steel wire

钢丝束 bundled steel wires 钢绞线 steel strand

钢筋 reinforcement； steel bar 箍筋 stirrup

纵向钢筋 longitudinal reinforcement 弯起钢筋 bent-up bar 架立钢筋 erection bar

构造钢筋 constructional reinforcement 预应力筋 tendon 套管 sheath 梁腋 haunch 拱圈 arch ring 拱肋 arch rib 拱顶 rach crown 拱矢 rise of arch 起拱点 springing 拱腹 soffit 拱腹线 intrados 拱背钱 extrados

桥塔 bridge tower； pylon 索平面 cable plane 缆索 cable

斜缆 stay cable； inclined cable 吊缆 suspension cable 索鞍 cable saddle

索夹 cable band； cable clamp 锚座 socket 锚碇 anchorage

明桥面 open deck； ballastless deck； open floor 桥梁道碴槽 ballast trough

道碴桥面 ballasted deck； ballasted floor 桥梁护轨 guard rall of bridge 桥梁护木 guard timber of bridge 桥枕 bridge tie； bridge sleeper 桥上人行道 sidewalk on bridge 步行板 foot plank 避车台 refuge platform 伸缩缝 expansion joint 正交异性板 orthotropic plate 栏杆 railing； handrail； handrailing

泻水孔 drainage opening

直结轨道 track fastened directly to steel girders 抗剪连接件；抗剪结合件 shear connector 支座 bearing

固定支座 fixed bearing

活动支座 expension bearing； movable bearing 平板支座 plate bearing 摇轴芝座 rocker bearing 滚轴支座 roller bearing 球面支座 spherical bearing

板式橡胶支座 laminated rubber bearing 盆式橡胶支座 pot rubber bearing

聚四氯乙烯支座 poly-tetrafluoroedthylene bearing； PTFE bearing

涡流激振 wortex-excited oscillation 弛振 galloping 颤振 flutter 扰流板 spoiler 风嘴 wind fairing

桥梁自振周期 natural vibration period of bridge 浮运架桥法 bridge erection by floating

架桥机架设法 erection by bridge girder erecting equipment

顶推式架设法 erection by incremental launching 拖拉架设法 launching method 赝架式架设法 erection with scaffolding

悬臂架设法 catilever erection； erection by protrusion 悬臂灌注法 cast-in-place cantilever construction； free cantilever segmental concreting with suspended formwork 悬臂拼装法 cantilevered assembling constrution； free cantilever erection with segments of precast concrete 预制混凝土构件 precast concrete units； precast concrete members

活动模架逐跨施工法 segmental span-by-span construction using form traveller 桥梁合龙 closure

就地贯注法 cast-in-place method； cast-in-situ method 活动吊篮 travelling cradle 顶进法 jack-in method

旋转法施工；转体施工 erection by swing method 液压式张拉千斤顶 hydraulic tensioning jack 桥梁下部结构 substructure 桥台 abutment

重力式桥台 gravity abutment 埋置式桥台 buried abutment 锚定板式桥台 anchor slab abutment U形桥台 U-shaped abutment

耳墙式桥台 abutment with cantilevered retaining wall 台身 abutment body 前墙 front wall 台帽 abutment coping 翼墙 wing wall

锥体护坡 quadrant revetment； truncated cone banking 台后填方 filling behind abutment 桥墩 pier

空心桥墩 hollow pier 实体桥墩 solid pier 重力式桥墩 gravity pier 柔性桥墩 flexible pier

拼装式桥墩 assembly pier； pier constructed with precast units

制动墩 braking pier 柱式桥墩 column pier V形桥墩 V-shaped pier 圆端形桥墩 round-ended pier 圆形桥墩 circular pier

矩形桥墩 rectangular pier 排架式桥墩 pile bent pier 墩身 pier body； pier shaft 墩帽 pier coping

围栏 railing around coping of pier or abutment 承台 bearing platform

破冰体 ice apron； ice-breaking cutwater； ice guard 地基 foundation； foundation soil； subgrade 加固地基 improved foundation； improved ground 天然地基 natural foundation； natural ground 桥梁基础 bridge foundation 扩大基础 spread foundation

明挖基础 open-cut foundation； open excavation foundation

沉井基础 open caisson foundation 浮式沉井基础 floating caisson foundation 沉井刃脚 cutting edge of open caisson 围堰 cofferdam

双壁钢围堰钻孔基础 double wall steel cofferdam bored foundation

预制钢壳钻孔基础 prefabricated steel shell bored foundation

泥浆套沉井法 slurry jacket method for sinking caisson 空气幕沉井法 air curtain method for sinking caisson 沉箱基础 pneumatic caisson foundation 管柱基础 tubular column foundation 桩基础 pile foundation 预制桩 precast pile

就地灌注桩 cast-in-place concrete pile； cast-in-situ concrete pile

螺旋喷射桩 auger injected pile 摩擦桩 friction pile 支承桩 bearing pile

钻孔桩 bored pile 挖孔桩 dug pile 钢桩 steel pile 钢管桩 steel pipe pile 钢板桩 steel sheet pile 板桩 sheet pile 木桩 timber pile

钢筋混凝土桩 reinforced concrete pile 砂桩 sand pile

挤密砂桩 sand conpaction pile 流砂 quick sand； drift sand 送桩 pile follower 试桩 test pile

斜桩 batter pile； raking pile； spur pile 护筒 pile casting

重锤夯实法 heavy tamping method

灰土换填夯实法 mothod of lime-soil replacement and tamping

灌注水下混凝土 underwater concreting； concreting with tremie method

导流建筑物 regulating structure 丁坝；挑水坝 spur dike 顺坝 longitudinal dam 河床铺砌 river bed paving 码头 wharf 排架 bent 脚手架 scaffold

悬空脚手架 hanging stage； hanging scaffold 铁路涵洞 railway culvert 涵洞孔径 aperture of culvert 管涵 pipe culvert 箱涵 box culvert 拱涵 arch culvert

盖板涵 slab culvert

无压力涵洞 inlet unsubmerged culvert 压力式涵洞 outlet submerged culvert 半压力式涵洞 inlet submerged culvert 明渠 open channel； open ditch； open drain 倒虹吸管 inverted siphon 潮汐河流 tidal river 淤积 silting； siltation 流冰 ice drift

铁路轮渡 railway car ferries 轮渡站 ferry station 轮渡栈桥 ferry trestle bridge 渡轮 ferry boat

轮渡引线；轮渡斜引道 ferry slip 铁路隧道 railway tunnel 山岭隧道 mountain tunnel 越岭隧道 over mountain line tunnel

水下隧道；水地隧道 subaqueous tunnel； underwater tunnel

地铁隧道 subway tunne； underground railway tunnel 浅埋隧道 shallow tunnel； shallow-depth tunnel； shallow burying tunnel

深埋隧道 deep tunnel； deep-depth tunnel； deep burying tunnel

单线隧道 single track tunnel 双线隧道 double track tunnel 多线隧道 multiple track tunnel 车站隧道 station tunnel

地铁车站 subway station； metro station 特长隧道 super long tunnel 长隧道 long tunnel 中长隧道 medium tunnel 短隧道 short tunnel

隧道群 tunnel group

地铁工程 subway engineering； metro engineering 洞口 tunne ladit； tunnel opening 隧道进口 tunnel entrance 隧道出口 tunnel exit 迎坡；正面坡 front slope 洞门 tunnel portal 洞门框 tunnel portal frame 端墙式洞门 end wall tunnel portal 柱式洞门 post tunnel portal 翼墙式洞门 wing wall tunnel portal 耳墙式洞门 ear wall tunnel portal 台阶式洞门 bench tunnel portal

正洞门 orthonormal tunnel portal； straight tunnel portal 斜洞门 skew tunnel portal

明洞门 open-cut-tunnel portal； gallery portal 衬砌 lining 拱圈 arch 边墙 side wall

仰拱 invert； inverted arch 底板 floor

整体式衬砌 integral lining

装配式衬砌 precast lining； prefabricated lining 模筑衬砌 moulded lining

洞口段衬砌 lining of tunnel portal section

偏压衬砌 unsymmetrically loading lining； eccentrically compressed lining

组合衬砌；复合衬砌 composite lining 初期支护 primary support 二次衬砌 secondary lining 隔离层 isolation layer 喷锚衬砌 shorcrete bolt lining

下锚段衬砌；接触网锚段衬砌 anchor-section lining

挤压混凝土衬砌 extruding concrete tunnel lining 隔热层 thermal insulation layer

明洞 open-cut tunnel；tunnel without cover；gallery 拱形明洞 arch open cut tunnel；arch tunnel without cover； arch gallery

棚洞 shed tunnel； shed gallery

路堑式明洞 cut-type open cut tunnel； cut-type tunnel without cover； cut-type gallery

半路堑式明洞 part cut-type open cut tunnel； part cut-type tunnel without cover； part cut-type gallery 抗滑明洞 anti-skid-type open cut tunnel； anti-skid-type tunnel without cover； anti-skid-type gallery 盖板式棚洞 slab shed tunnel； slab shed gallery 刚架式棚洞 framed shed tunnel； framed shed gallery 悬臂式棚洞 cantilever shed tunnel； cantilever shed gallery

隧道专家系统 expert system of tunnel 围岩 surrounding rock

围岩压力 pressure of surrounding rock 地层压力 ground pressure； stratum pressure 松弛压力 relaxation pressure 形变压力 deformation pressure

围岩自承能力 self-supporting capacity of surrounding rock

坑道自稳时间 self-stabilization time of tunnel 弹性抗力 elastic resistance 灌浆压力 grouting pressure

落石冲击力 impact force of falling stone 隧道埋置深度；埋深 buried depth of tunnel 地温梯度 geothermal dradient 地应力 crustal stress

预留变形量 deformation allowance 暗挖法 subsurface excavation method

明挖法 open-cut method

矿山法 mining method； mine tunneling method 钻眼爆破法 drilling and blasting method

新奥法 New Austrian Tunnelling Method； NATM 喷锚构筑法 shotcrete-bolt construction method 掘进机法 tunnel boring machine method 盾构法 shield method

沉管法 immersed tunnelling method

地下连续墙法 underground diaphragm wall method；underground wall method； diaphragm wall method 全断面开挖法 full-face tunnelling method 分部开挖法 partial excavation method 台阶法 benching tunnelling method

正台阶法 positive benching tunnelling method 反台阶法 negative benching tunnelling method 导坑 heading

上下导坑法 top and bottom heading method 上导坑法 top-heading method

漏斗棚架法 hopper-shed support tunnelling method 蘑菇形开挖法 mushroom-type tunnelling method 侧壁导坑法 side heading method 单侧导坑法 single side heading method 双侧导坑法 twin-side heading method

品字形导坑法 top and twin-side bottom heading method 眼睛式开挖法 spectacles type tunnelling method 超前导坑 advance heading 扩大 enlargement

拉槽 pull trough； trench excavated 马口 excavation of side wall at intervals 控制爆破 controlled blasting 光面爆破 smooth blasting 预裂爆破 presplit blasting

先墙后拱法 side wall first lining method

先拱后墙法 arch first lining method； flying arch method 开挖工作面 excavated surface； excavated work face 超挖 overbreak 欠挖 underbreak 找顶 top cleaning

出碴 mucking and removing 有轨运输 track transportation 无规运输 trackless transportation 拱圈封顶 closing the toop of lining 墙顶封口 seal； seal at the top of wall 喷射混凝土回弹 rebound of shotcrete 隧道贯通 tunnel holing-through 隧道贯通误差 tunnel through error 隧道贯通面 tunnel through plane 临时支护 temporary support 构件支撑 member support 钢拱支撑 steel arch support 喷射混凝土支护 shotcrete support 锚杆支护 anchor bolt support

喷锚支护 shotcrete and rock bolt support 系统锚杆 system anchor bolt 超前支护 advance support 超前锚杆 advance anchor bolt

插板支护 inserting plate support； forepoling 小导管预注浆 pre-grouting with small duct 管棚支护 pipe-shed support； pipe roofing support 格构拱；钢花拱；格棚拱 trellis arch； lattice arch 喷射混凝土 shotcrete； spray concrete 干喷混凝土 dry shotcreting 湿喷混凝土 wet shotcreting

潮喷混凝土；半湿喷混凝土 half set shotcreting 喷射钢纤维混凝土 steel fiber shotcrete； steel fiber reinforced shotcrete

防水混凝土 waterproof concrete 预切槽 precutting trough 辅助坑道 service gallery 竖井 shaft 斜井 inlined shaft 横洞 transverse gallery 平行导坑 parallel heading 横通道 transverse passage-way

调查坑道 investigation gallery； survey tunnel 竖井联系测量 shaft connection survey 隧道防水 waterproofing of tunnel 防水等级 classification of waterproof 防水层 waterproof layer

防水板 waterproof board； waterproof sheet 防水涂层 waterproofing coating 隧道压浆 pressure grouting of tunnel 止水带 water stop tie 盲沟 blind ditch

泻水洞 drain cavern； drain tunnel

隧道运营通风 permanent ventilation of tunnel 自然通风 natural ventilation 机械通风 mechanical ventilation 风道式通风 ventilation by air passage 隧道通风帘幕 ventilation curtain 列车活塞作用 piston action of train

隧道射流式通风 tunnel efflux ventilation；injector type ventilation

隧道通风试验 tunnel ventilation test

隧道施工通风 construction ventilation of tunnel 风管式通风 ventilation by pipes 巷道式通风 ventilation by ducts

隧道照明 tunnel illumination； tunnel lighting 隧道防灾设施 tunnel anti-disaster equipment

避车洞 refuge hole； refuge recess； refuge niche 隧道火灾 tunnel fire hazard

隧道报警装置 tunnel warning equipment 隧道消防系统 tunnel fire-fighting system 隧道瓦斯爆炸 tunnel gas explosion

隧道监控量测 tunnel monitoring measurement 隧道地表沉降 tunnel ground subsidence 隧道拱顶下沉 tunnel arch top settlement 隧道底鼓 tunnel floor heave

隧道周边位移 tunnel perimeter deflection 隧道地中位移 tunnel surrounding mass deflection 隧道改建 tunnel reconstruction 隧道落底 under cut of tunnel 隧道挑顶 top picking of tunnel 隧道套拱 cover arch of tunnel 施工调查 construction investigation 施工准备 construction preparation 征地 expropriation 拆迁 removing 租地 rented land

交接桩 delivery-receiving stake

施工复测 construction repetition； repetive survey； construction repetition survey 测量放样 staking out in survey 土石方调配 cut-fill transition

tunnel 土石方体积图；土积图 volume diagram of earth-rock work

隐蔽工程 hidden project； hidden construction work 废弃工程 abandoned project； abandoned construction work

工程运输 engineering transportation

冬季施工 cold weather construction； winter season construction

雨季施工 raining season construction； rainy season construction

工程招标 calling for tenders of project； calling for tending of project

工程投标 bidding for project 工程报价 project quoted price 工程发包 contracting out of project 工程承包 contracting of project

工程监理 supervision of construction； supervision of project

总预算 total budget 单项预算 individual budget

建筑业总产值 total output of building industry 指导性施工组织设计 design for guiding construction organization； guiding design for construction scheme 实施性施工组织设计 design for practical construction organization； practical design ofr construction scheme； operative construction organization design 临时工程 temporary project

大型临时工程 large-scale temporary project 小型临时工程 small-scale temporary project 过渡工程 transition project 控制工程 dominant project 关键工程 key project 辅助设施 auxiliary facilities

通车期限 time limit for opening to traffic

施工总工期 total time of construction； total construction time

施工组织方案 construction scheme

开工报告 report on starting of construction work； commencement report of construction work； construction starting report

竣工报告 completion repport of construction work

施工计划管理 planned manangement of construction 网络计划技术 network planning technique

施工工艺流程 construction technology process； construction process

工法制度 construction method system 施工产值 construction output value 施工利润 construction profit

施工机械利用率 utilization ratio of construction machinery

施工机械完好率 ratio of construction machinery in good condition

施工形象进度 construction figuue progress； figurative progress of construction work

挖掘机 excavating machine； excavator 单斗挖土机 power shovel 索铲挖土机 dragline 反铲挖土机 backhoe 蛤壳式抓斗 clamshell bucket 推土机 bulldozer

铲运机 scoper； scraper； carrying scraper 装载机 loader

带式输送机 belt conveyer 平地机 grader

振动碾压机 vibration compactor vibration roller 压路机 roller 潜孔钻机 diving drill

凿岩机 air hammer drill； rock drill 碎石机 crusher

挖沟机 trench cutting machine； trenching machine； trencher

塔式起重机 tower crane； column crane

汽车式起重机 automobile crane； autocrane； truck crane 轮胎式起重机 rubber tired crane； rough-terrain crane

履带式起重机 crawler crane； caterpiller crane 轨道起重机 track crane； rail crane 浮式起重机；浮吊 floating crane 缆索起重机 cable crane 空中索道 aerial ropway 电动卷扬机 electric winch 电动吊车；电动葫芦 electric hoist 千斤顶 jack 打桩机 pile driver

蒸汽打桩机 steam pile driver； steam pile hammer 柴油打桩机 diesel pile driver 液压打桩机 hydraulic pile driver

振动打桩机 vibrating pile driver； vibratory driver 振动沉拨桩机 vibro-driver extractor

静压力拨桩机 static pressure pile extractor； static pressure pile drawing machine 履带式桩架 crawler pile frame

旋转式钻机 swiveling drill machine； rotary drill machine 灌水钻机 diving drill machine 套管钻机 drill machine with casting

冲击式钻机 impact-type drill machine； percussion type drill machine

离心水泵 centrifugal pump 真空水泵 vacuum pump 深井水泵 deep well pump 轴流水泵 axial flow pump 清水泵 driving pump

往复式空气压缩机 reciprocating compressor 螺杆式空气压缩机 screw compressor 单转子滑片式空压机 single rotary compressor 水泥输送泵 cement pump 混凝土搅拌机 concrete mixer

鼓筒式混凝土搅拌机 drum concrete mixer

锥形反转出料混凝土搅拌机 tapered reverse tilting concrete mixer

锥形倾翻出料混凝土搅拌机 tapered tilting concrete mixer

强制式混凝土搅拌机 forced concrete mixer 混凝土搅拌楼 concrete mixing plant

简易混凝土搅拌站 simple concrete mixing plant 混凝土搅拌运输车 concrete mixing and transporting car； truck mixer； transit mixer 混凝土输送泵 concrete pump 混凝土泵车 concrete pump truck 混凝土吊斗 concrete lifting bucket 钢筋调直机 bar straightener 钢筋切断机 bar cutter 钢筋弯曲机 bar bender

钢筋冷拉机 bar cold-drawing machine

插入式混凝土振捣器 immersion type vibrator for

concrete 附着式混凝土振捣器 attached type vibrator for concrete； attached type vibrator

平板式混凝土振捣器 plate vibrator 混凝土振动台 concrete vibrating stand

长线张拉台座 stretching bed for longline production 斜撑桅杆式架梁起重机 cross stay derrick girder erecting machine

全回转式架梁起重机 full circle girderr erecting crane 双悬臂式架桥机 double cantilever girder-erecting machine

单梁式架桥机 single beam girder-erecting machine 双梁式架桥机 double beam girder-erecting machine 组拼式架桥机 assembly type girer-erecting machine 造桥机 bridge fabrication machine

工程船舶 engineering ship； engineering vessel

舟桥 bateau bridge

浮箱 floating box； pontoon

万能杆件 fabricated universal steel members 模板 form

组合钢模板 combined steel formwork 滑动模板 slip form

爬升模板 climbing shuttering

砌拱支架；碗扣式脚手架 soffit scaffolding 风镐 air pick； pneumatic pick

凿岩台车；钻孔台车 rock drilling jumbo 立爪式装岩机 vertical claw rock loader 蟹爪式装岩机 crab rock loader 梭式矿车 shutter car 槽式列车 bunker train 电瓶车 storage battery car 斗车 bucker loader 大型矿车 large scale ore car 装岩机 rock loader

干喷混凝土机 dry shotcreting machine 湿喷混凝土机 wet shotcreting machine 半湿喷混凝土机 half wet shotcreting machine 喷射混凝土机械手 shotcrete manipulator 风动凿岩机 pneumatic rock drill

手持式凿岩机 portable rock drill； jack hammer

通风机 ventilating set； ventilating machine； ventilator 注浆机 grouting machine； grouter 注浆泵 grouting pump； injection pump

隧道衬砌模板台车 working jumbo for tunnel lining；tunnelling shutter jumbo for tunnel lining 隧道掘进机 tunnel boring machine； TBM 盾构 shield

接触网架线车 installation vehicle for contact wire 接触网作业车 operation vehicle for contract wire

自卸汽车 dumping truck 斗式提升机 bucket elevator

安全技术措施 safety techincal measures 安全教育 safety education 事故报告 accident report 灾害性地质 disaster geology 突泥 projecting mud soil 突水 gushing water 冒顶 roof fall 岩爆 rock burst 瓦斯突出 gas projection

瓦斯浓度 gas density； gas consistency

掏底开挖；挖神仙土 cut the vertical earthwork bottom 施工防护 construction protection

线路封锁 track blockade； closure of track； traffic interruption

防护音响信号 protecting acoustic signal 覆盖防护 covered protection 近体防护 nearby protection

安全标志 safety mark； safety symbol； safety indicator 停车防护 stopping train protection； standing train protection

安全距离 safety distance

人员掩蔽所 hiding-place for personnel

待遇所 refuge place 安全地点 safety place

安全帽 safety cap； safety helmet 安全绳 safety rope safety strap 安全网 safety net 保险带 safety belt

安全梯 emergency staircase； fire escape 防护栏杆 protecction railing

安全用电 safety in utilizing electric energy

安全电压 safety voltage 消防设施 fire-fighting equipment 防火门 fire protection gate

消防器材 fire-fighting apparatus and materials 隔火带 fire protection strip 防火净距 fire protection distance 瓦斯治理 gas control

安全炸药 safety explosion； explosive charge； safety explosive

湿式凿岩 wet boring for rock； wet drilling for rock 防尘 dust prevention； dust control 防滑鞋 antiskid shoe 绝缘鞋 insulant shoe 防坠器 falling protector 阻车器 stop device

安全装置 safety device； safety equipment 救生设施 lifesaving appliance 防雷装置 lighting protection device 保护地线 protective earth wire 保护接地 protective grounding 触电保安器 electric shock protector 防爆设施 blasting protection facilities 质量管理 quality management 质量保证 quality assurance 质量控制 quality control 质量体系 quality system

质量监督 quality surperintendence； quality surveillance 工程质量检验 inspection of engineering quality 隐蔽工程检查 hidden project inspection 取样试验检查 sampling inspection

自测 visual measurement； visual observation 丈量 measure

仪器检查 inspect by instrument

全验 overall acceptance 抽验 selective acceptance

工程质量评定 evaluation of engineering quality 工程质量验收 acceptance of engineerying quality 随工验收 acceptance following construction； follow-up acceptance

中间验收 intermediate acceptance

缺陷工程 defect project； drawback project 合格工程 qualified project 样板工程 sample project

优质工程；优良工程 high grade project； high quality project

施工验收 delivery-receiving acceptance

工务段 track division； track district； track maintenance division

养路领工区 track subdivision； track maintenance subdivision

养路工区 track maintenance section； permanent way gang

养路领工员 track master； track supervisor 养路工长 track foreman

养路工 trackman； machine operator； track machanics 巡道工 track walker； track patrolling man

道口看守工 grade crossing watchman； level crossing watchman

桥隧巡守工 bridge and tunnel watchman； bridge and

tunnel patrolling man 轨道；线路上部建筑 track

轨道类型 classification of track； track standard 轨道结构 track structure 有碴轨道 ballasted track 无碴轨道 ballastless track 线路 track； permanent way

有缝线路 jointed track 轨头 rail head

无缝线路 continuously welded rail track； jointless track 轨腰 rail web 长轨线路 long welded rail track 轨排 track panel； track skeleton 轨节 rail link 长轨条 long rail string 轨道几何形位 track geometry 轨距加宽 gauge widening

螺旋曲线 spiral curve clothold curve 三次抛物线曲线 cubic parabola curve

曲线超高 superelevation cant； elevation of curve 欠超高 deficient superlevation

过超高 surplus superelevation； excess elevation 反超高 reverse superelevation； counter superelevation； negative superelevation

未本平衡离心加速度 unbalaned cenrifugal acceleraion 曲线正矢 curve versine 轨道力学 track mechanics 轨道动力学 track dynamics 轨道强度计算 track strength analysis 轨道几何状态恶化 track deterioration 轨道失效 track failure

轨道框架刚度 rigidity of track panel

道床系数 ballast coefficient； ballast modulus 钢轨基础模量 rail supporting modulus ；track moulus 钢轨支点弹性模量 modulus of elasticity of rail support 轨道应力 track stresses 轨道稳定性 stability of track 接头阻力 joint resistance 道床阻力 ballast resistance 扣件扣压力 toe load of fastening 轮/轨接触应力 rail/wheel contact stress 钢轨 rail

轨底 rail base； rail bottom

淬火轨 head hardened rail ； quenched rail 合金轨 alloy steel rail

合金淬火轨 head hardened alloy steel rail ；quenched alloy

耐磨轨 wear resistant rail 耐腐蚀轨 corrosion resistant rail 标准长度钢轨 standard length rail 短轨 short rail

缩短轨 standardshortened rail ； fabricated short rail used on curves；sandard curtailed rail 异形轨 compromise rail 护轨 guard rail； check rail 轨底坡 rail cant 钢轨工作边 gage line

轨缝；接头缝 rail gap；joint gap

构造轨缝 structural joint gap ；maximum joint gap structurally obtainable 钢轨接头 rail joint

相对接头 opposite joint ；square joint

相错式接头；相互式接头 alternate joint ； staggered joint ； broken joint

垫接接头；承接接头 supported joint 悬接接头 suspended joint 绝缘接头 insulated joint

胶结绝缘接头 glued insulated joint 焊接接头 welded joint 冻结接头 frozen joint 异形接头 compromise joint

钢轨伸缩调节器；温度调节器 expansion rail joint； rail expansion device； swith expansion joint

接头联结零件 rail joint accessories ； rail joint fastenings 弹簧防爬器 spring rail anchor 接头夹板；鱼尾板 joint bar ； splice bar ；fish plate 平型双头夹板 flat joint bar

轨头地面接触夹板；锲型接头夹板 head contact flat joint bar

轨腹上圆弧接触夹板；铰型接头夹板 head free flat joint bar

带裙鱼尾板 aproned fish plate； fish plate with apron 异型接头夹板 compromise joint bar 接头螺栓；鱼尾螺栓 track blolt ；fish bolt 钩螺栓 claw bolt ；hook bolt ；anchor bolt 扣件； 中间联结零件 rail fastening

分开式扣件 separated rail fastening ； indirect holding fastening

不分开式扣件 nonseparated rail fastening ； direct holding fastening

半分开式扣件 semi-separaed rail fastening ； mixed holding fastening

弹性扣件 elasic rail fastening

道钉；狗头钉；钩头钉 track spike ；rail spike ；dog spike 弹簧道钉 elastic rail spike 螺纹道钉 screw spike 螺栓螺纹钉 bolt-screw spike

硫磺锚固 sulphur cement mortar anchor ；sulphur cement mortar anchorage 垫板 tie plate

橡胶垫板；弹性垫板 rubber tie plate 衬垫 pad

冻害垫板 frost heave board；track shim for frost heaving roadbed ；frost shim 弹簧垫圈 spring washer

防爬器 anti-creeper； rail anchor 穿销防爬器 wedged rail anchor

防爬支撑 anti-creep strut 轨撑 rail brace

轨距杆 gage tie bar； gage rod ； gage tie 绝缘轨距杆 insulated gage rod

轨下基础 sub-rail foundation ；sub-rail track bed 轨枕 tie； cross tie ； sleeper

宽混凝土轨枕；轨枕板 broad concrete tie 纵向轨枕 longitudinal tie 板式轨道 slab-track 木枕；枕木 wooden tie 油枕 treated wooden tie 素枕 untreated wooden tie 钢枕 steel tie 混凝土枕 concrete tie 岔枕 switch tie ；turnout tie 短枕 short tie ；block tie 枕盒 crib 道床 ballast bed

整体道床 solid bed； integrated ballast bed； monolithic concrete bed

沥青道床 asphalt cemented ballast bed 道碴层；道碴床 ballast layer 道碴 ballast [NextPage]

铁路建设常用英语单词道碴级配 ballast grading 洛杉叽磨损实验 Los Angeles abrasion test 碎石道碴 stone ballast 矿碴道碴 slag ballast 卵石道碴 gravel ballast 砂道碴 sand ballast 底碴 subballast

道床厚度 thickness of ballast bed；depth of ballast

道床宽度 width of ballast bed 道床碴肩 shoulder of ballast bed

轮轨游间 clearance between wheel flange and gage line 曲线内接 inscribed to curves 自由内接 free inscribing 强制内接 compulsory inscribing 楔形内接 wedging inscribing 静力内接 static inscribing 动力内接 dynamic inscribing 轨道不平顺 track irregularity

静态不平顺 static track irregularity；irregularity without load

动态不平顺 dynamic track irregularity

轨道几何尺寸容许公差 track geometry tolerances 轨道变形 track deformation；track disorder；track distortion

轨道残余变形 track residual deformation；track permanent deformation

弹性挤开 gage elastically widened；elastic squeeze-out 轨道水平；左右水平 track cross level 轨道方向 track alignment

轨道前后高低；前后高低 longitudinal level of rail；track profile

三角坑；扭曲 twist warp

轨道明坑 visile pit of track；visible low spot of track；track depression

翻浆 冒泥 mud-pumping

钢轨低接头 depressed joint；battered foint of rail 接头瞎缝 closed joint；tight joint 大轨缝 excessive joint gap；wide joint gap 线路爬行 track creeping

轨头波纹磨损 corrugation of rail head；rail corrugation 轨头短波浪磨损 short wave undulation of rail head

轨头长波浪磨损 long wave undulation of rail head 轨头马鞍形磨损 rail end batter；saddle wear of rail end 轨头肥边 flow of rail head；lipping of rail head 错牙接头 rail ends unevenness in line or surface 钢轨伤损 rail defects and failures 钢轨擦伤 engine burn；wheel burn 钢轨锈蚀 rail corrosion

白点 flake crack；shatter crack；small nucleus fissure 核伤 nucleus flaw；oval flaw 轨头剥离 gage line shelly cracks 轨头掉块 spalling of rail head 轨头压溃 crushing of rail head 轨头垂直劈裂 vertical split of rail head 轨头微细波纹 detail fracture of rail head 轨端崩裂 rail end breakage

钢轨打标记 branding & stamping of rails 轨端削角；轨端倒棱 rail end chamfering 螺栓孔削角；螺栓孔倒棱 bolt hole chamfering 螺栓孔加强 bolt hole cold-working strenthening 轨头水平劈裂 horizontal split of rail head 轨腰劈裂 piped rail ；split of rail web 钢轨裂纹 rail cracks

轨头发裂 head checks ；hair crack of rail head 轨底崩裂 burst of rail base；burst of rail bottom ； broken rail base

钢轨折断 brittle fractures of rail ； sudden rupture of rail 钢轨落锤试验 drop test of rail 螺孔裂纹 bolt hole crack

线路大修 major repair of reack ； overhaul of track ；track renewal

线路中修 intermediate repair of track 线路维修 maintenance of track 找小坑 spot surfacing

全面起道捣固 out-of-face surfacing 起道 raising of track ；track lifting

落道 under cutting of track ； lowering of track 垫砂起道 measured shovel packing 改道 gage correction ；gaging of track 拨道 track lining

整正水平 adjusting of cross level 整正曲线 curve adjusting； curve lining 绳正法整正曲线 string lining of curve

绳度整正曲线计算器 string lining computer ；string-line calculator

调整轨缝；均匀轨缝 adjusting of rail gaps；evenly distributing joint gaps

整正规缝 dispersal of rail gaps；adjusting joint gaps up to standard

矫直钢轨 staightening of kinked rail 焊修钢轨；堆焊钢轨 resurfacing of rail 打磨钢轨 rail grinding 轨头整形 rail head reprofiling

轨头非对称断面打磨 asymmetrical rail head profile grinding

方正轨枕 tie respacing ；squaring of ties 削平木枕 tie adzing 修补木枕 tie repairing

木枕防腐 preservation of wooden tie

木枕预钻孔 preboring of wooden tie ； preboring of spike holes

木枕刻痕 incising of wooden tie 枕木塞 tie plug

木枕防裂装置 anti splitting device 捣固道床 ballast tamping

夯实道床 ballast ramming ；ballast consolidating 清筛道床 ballast cleaning

整理道床 ballast trimming

锁定轨温 fastening-down temperature of rail 零应力轨温 strss free rail temperature 中和轨温 neutral temperature

放散温度力 destressing ； stress liberation 温度力 temperature stress 温度力峰 temperature stress peak

轨道鼓出临界温度 critical temperature of track buckling 伸缩区；呼吸区 breathing zone 缓冲区 buffer zone； transition zone

固定区 nonbreathing zone ；fixd zone ； deformation -free zone 调节轨 buffer rail

气压焊 oxyacetylene pressure welding 电阻焊 flash butt welding 铝热焊 thrmlt welding 周转轨 inventory stock

备用轨 stock rails per kilometer of track； emergency rail stored along the way

再用轨 second hand rail ；relaying rail 顺坡 run-off elevation 作业标志 working signal 停车牌 red board； stop indicator 慢行牌 yellow board ；speed indicator 线路标志 road way signs ； permanent 公里标 kilometer post 曲线标 curve post 坡度标 grade post 桥梁标 bridge post 隧道标 tunnel post 管界标 section sign

钢轨位移观测桩 rail creep indication posts 鸣笛标 whistle board

线路中断 line interruption

施工封闭线路 line occupation for works

封闭线路作业时间；开天窗作业时间 works occupation time ； working time of closed sectin

列车空隙作业时间 working time between trains 养路表报 maintenance -of-way report and forms； track work forms

工务设备台帐 technical record of track ； bridge and other equipments

养路管理电脑系统 computer aided track maintenance and management system 线路平剖面图 track charts

养路费用 maintenance of way expenditures 线路维修规则 rules of maintenance of way 轨道养护标准 standards of track main tenance 换算线路长度 equibalent track kilometerage

轨检车评分 track evaluatin by recording car； evaluation by track inspection car

轨道质量指数 track quality index 平面交叉 level crossing 立体交叉 grade separation

道囗 grade crossing； level crossing

道囗铺面 grade crossing pavement ；surface of grade crossing

道囗平台 level stretch of grade crossing 道囗警标 warning sign at grade crossing 道囗栏木 cross barrier at grade crossing 道囗栅栏 side barrier at grade crossing 道囗护桩 protective stake atgrade crossing 限界架 clearance limit frame

道岔 turnout ；switches and crossings 单开道岔 simple turnout ；； lateral turnout

单式对称道岔；双开道岔 symmetrical double curve

turnout ；equilateral turnout

单式不对称道岔；不对称双开道岔 unsymmetrical double curve turnout ；unequilateral turnout

单式同侧道岔 unsymmetrical double curve turnout in the same direction

三开道岔 stmmetrical three throw turnout ；three-way turnout

不对称三开道岔 unsymmetrical three-way turnout ； unsymmetrical three throw tunout 左开道岔 left hand turnout 右开道岔 right hand turnout 交叉 crossing

菱形交叉 diamond crossing

直角交叉 rectangular crossing ； square crossing 交分道岔 slip switch

单式交分道岔 single slip switches 复式交分道岔 double slip switches 渡线 crossover

交叉渡线 scissors crossing ；double crossover 平行渡线 parallel crossover 梯线 ladder track

套线道岔 mixed gage turnout

道岔主线 main line of turnout ； main track of turnout ；turnout main

道岔侧线 branch line of turnout ；branch track of turnout turnout branch 导曲线 lead curve

导曲线半径 radius of lead curve 导曲线支距 offset of lead curve 道岔中心 center of turnout 辙叉 frog；crossing 辙叉角 frog angle 辙叉号数 frog number

道岔号数 turnout number 道岔始端 beginning of turnout 道岔终端 end of turnout

尖轨 switch rail tongue rail； blade 直线尖轨 straight seitch 曲线尖轨 curved switch

尖轨理论尖端 theoretical point of switch rail 尖轨尖端 actual point of switch rail 尖轨跟端 heel of swith rail

曲线出岔道岔 turnout from curved track 辙叉心轨理论尖端 theoretical point of frog 辙 叉心轨尖端 actual point of frog 辙叉趾端 toe end of frog ；frog toe 辙叉跟端 heel end of frog； frog heel 道岔基线 reference line of turnout 道岔全长 total length of turnout

道岔理论长度 theoretical length of turnout 道岔实际长度 actual length of turnout 道岔理论导程 theoretical lead of turnout

道岔前部理论长度 front part theoretical legth of turnout 道岔后部理论长度 rear part theoretical length of turnout 道岔后部实际长度 rear part actual length of turnout 尖轨长度 length of switch rail 辙叉趾长 toe length of frog 辙叉跟长 heel length of frog 辙叉趾宽 toe spread of frog 辙叉跟宽 heel s[read of frog 尖轨动程 throw of switch

护轨与心轨的查照间隔 check gage 护背距离 guard rail face gage；back gage

辙叉有害空间 gap in the frog ；open throat； unguarded flange-way

转辙角 switch angle

辙叉咽喉 throat of frog

轮缘槽 flange-way； flange clearance 转辙器 switch

可弯式尖轨转辙器 flexible switch 间隔铁式尖轨转辙器 loose heel switch

高锰钢整铸辙叉 solid manganese steel frog； cast manganese steel frog

钢轨组合辙叉 bolred rigid frog； assembled frog 可动心轨辙叉 movable-point frog 可动翼轨辙叉 movable-wing frog 钝角辙叉 obtuse frog

锐角辙叉 end frog； acute frog 曲线辙叉 curved frog 基本轨 stock rail

密贴尖轨 closed switch rail； close contact between switch point and stock rail

淬火尖轨 surface-hardened switch rail； quenched switch rail

特种断面尖轨 special heavy section switch rail； tongue rail made of special section rail； full-wed section switch rail

翼轨 wing rail

心轨 point rail； nose rail 道岔护轨 turnout guard rail 尖轨护轨 switch point guard rail 尖轨保护器 switch protector 道岔拉杆 switch rod； stretcher bar

道岔连接杆 connecting bar； following stretcher bar 间隔铁 filler； spacer block 尖轨补强板 reinforcing bar 滑床板 slide plate； switch plate 线路机械 permanent way machine 线路机具 permanent way tool

路基机械 subgrade machine； machine for roadway work 钢轨推凸机 rail weld seam shearing machine 轨道机械 track machine 道碴机械 ballast machine 捣固机械 tamping machine

夯实机械 ballast consolidating machine 道碴清筛机械 ballast cleaning machine

轨行式装运机械 rail-mounted handling and transportation machine

轨道检测设备 track geometry measuring device 安全防护设备 safety protection equipment 线路清理机械 permanent way clearing machine 公铁两用线路机械 rail/road permanent way machine 大型线路机械；重型线路机械 heavy permanent way machine； large permanent way machine

小型线路机械；轻型线路机械 light permanent way machine ；small permanent way machine 拨道机 track lining machine 拨道器 track lining tool 起道机 track lifting 起道器 rail jack； track jack

起拔道机 track lifting and lining machine 起拔道器 track lifting and lining tool 钢轨钻孔机 rail drilling machine 钢轨钻孔器 rail drilling tool 磨轨机 rail grinding machine 磨轨车 rail grinding car 磨轨列车 rail grinding train

锯轨机 rail cutting machine ；rail sawing machine 轨缝调整器 rail gap adjuster ； rail puller 钢轨拉伸器 rail tensor

直轨器 rail straightening tool ；rail straightener 平轨器 rail bending tool ； rail bender 钢轨刨边机 rail-head edges planing machine

钢轨推凸器 rail shearing device

机动螺钉；螺栓板手 rail screw-bolt power wrench 地面钢轨凃油器 on-track rail lubricator 车载钢轨凃油器 on-board rail lubricator 焊轨机 rail welding machine 轨枕抽换机 tie replacing machine 木枕钻孔机 wooden tie drilling machine 打道钉机 spike driver 起道钉机 spike puller

混凝土枕螺栓钻取机 concrete tie dowel drilling and pulling machine 方枕器 tie respacer

木枕削平机 wooden sleeper adzing machine

手提电动捣固机；电镐 portable electric tamper； hand electric tamper

手提风动捣固机 porable pneumatic tamper 手提内然捣固机 portable gasoline-powered tamper 小型液压捣固机 light hydraulic tamping machine 液压捣固机；液压捣固车 hydraulic tamping machine 配碴整形机 ballast distributing and regulating machine 道碴犁 ballast plow 扒碴机 crib ballast removers 收碴机 ballast recoliecting machine 枕间夯实机 crib consolidating machine

道床边坡夯实机 ballast shouder consolidating machine 全断面道床夯实机 full section ballast consolidating machine

道床底碴夯实机 subballast consolidating machine 动力稳定机 dynamic track stabilizer 边坡清筛机 ballast shouder cleaning machine 大型全断面清筛机 large ballast undercutting cleaners； on-track full section undercutting cleaners

中型清筛机 medium ballast undercutting cleaners 大揭盖清筛机 ballast cleaning machine eith removed track panels

小型枕底清筛机 small ballast undercutting cleaners 轻型轨道车 light rail motor car ； light motor trolley 重型轨道车 heavy rail motor car； heavy motor trolley 发电轨道车 power generating rail car

发电走行两用车 self-propelled power generating car 轨道平车 rail flat car

长钢轨运输作业列车 long welded rail transporting and working train

铺轨机 track laying machine

轨行式起重机 crane on-track ； rail-mounted crane 悬臂式铺轨排机 track panel laying machine with cantilever

悬臂式铺轨机 rail laying machine with cantilever 门式铺轨排机 track panel lating gantry crane 铺轨列车 track laying train

工程宿营车 work train with camp cars

轨道检查车 track recording car ； track inspection car 轨道检查小车 track geometry measuring trolley 桥梁试验车 bridge test car 钢轨探伤车 rail flaw detection car 钢轨探伤仪 rail flaw detector

钢轨磨损检查车 rail profile measuring car 钢轨磨损检查仪 rail profile gauge

列车速度检查仪 train speed monitoring device 列车接近报警器 train approach warning device 限界检测车 clearance car；clearance inspection car 塌方落石报警器 land slide warning device 除雪机 snow removing machine； snow remover 道岔熔冰器 switch heater 除砂机 sand removing machine

开沟机 ditcher

开沟平路机 track shaving machine ； ditching and grading machine

灌木切割机 brush cutting machine ； brush cutter 除草机 weeding cutting machine ； weed cutter 喷洒除草机 weed killing machine weed killer 万能道尺 universal rail gage 道钉锤 spike hammer 撬棍 lining bar ； claw bar 轨道水平尺 track level 螺栓扳手 track wrenches 单轨小车 hand cart 地表排水 surface drainage 地下排水 subsurface drainage 过滤层 filter

路基松软 soft spots of road bed 滑坡 landslip；landslide 坍方 slide ；slip 蠕变 creep；crawl 崩塌 collapse；toppling 冲刷 erosion ；scouring 落石 rock fall

泥石流 debris flow；mud and rock flow 冻害 frost heaving

雪崩 snow slip； snow slide； snow avalanche 道碴槽 ballast tub 道碴箱 ballast box 道碴袋 ballast pocket 道碴巢 ballast nest

路基下沉 subgrade settlement 煤矿沉陷 mining subsidence

路基挤起 subgrade bulge ； subgrade squeeze-out 防洪 flood control

防砂 sand-drift control；sand protection 防雪 snow-drift control；snow protection 雪害 snow blockade；snow drift 水害 flood damage；washout 砂害 sand blockade；sand drift 隧道冰害 frost damage in tunnel 防雪棚 snow fence ；snow guard 防雪障 snow protection bank 防雪树篱 snow protection hedge 拉沟 slotting 刷坡 slope cutting

边坡植被防护 vegetation on slope 石笼 gabion 铺草皮 sodding

整治冻害轨道 treatment of frost heaving track 垫冻害垫板 track shimming

电化学加固土壤 electro-chemical treatment of soil 桥梁浅基 shallow foundation of bridge； unsafe depth foundation of bridge

限界检查 checking of clearance； check measurement 河调一防护失修 disrepaire of flow regulating and shore protection structure ； river bank protection out of repair 桥址水文观测 hydrologic observation of bridge site 桥梁检定试验 bridge rating test 容许强度检定 working stress rating 承载系数检定 load factor rating 自动力矩检定 autostress rating

桥梁检定承载系数 rated load-bearing coefficient for bridge； rated load-bearing coefficient for bridge as compared with standard live loading

特种车辆活载 special live load； live load of special type wagon

墩台基础挖验 excavating foundation for checking

purpose foundation examination by excavation

墩台基础钻探 drilling foundation for checking purpose； foundation examination by drilling

圬工梁裂损 cracking of concrete and masonry beam 隧道漏水 tunnel leak 衬砌裂损 lining cracking 中间漆 intermediate coat 面漆 top coat 工地漆 field coat 工厂漆 shop coat

干捣水泥砂浆 dry tamped cement mortar 混凝土裂纹 concrete cracks

钢梁腐蚀裂纹 corrosion cracking of steel bridge 钢梁应力腐蚀裂纹 stress corrosion cracking of steel bridge

隧道防火措施 measures against tunnel fire 隧道通风 tunnel ventilation 隧道防排水 tunnel water handling 喷射混凝土修理 shotcrete repair

桥隧养护 maintenance of bridge and tunnel

桥隧经常保养 regular maintenance of bridge and tunnel 桥隧综合维修 comprehensive maintenance of bridge and tunnel structure

桥隧病害整治 damage repair for bridge and tunnel ； repair bridge and tunnel fault

桥涵扩孔 opening enlargement of bridge and culvert 桥梁浅基防护 unsafe depth foundation protection ； bridge shallow foundation protection

墩周冲淤 scouring and sepositing around pier 桥隧巡守 bridge and tunnel patrolling 限界改善 clearance improvement

墩台防撞 collision prevention around pier； pier protection against collision

钢梁加固 strengthening of steel bridge 临时便桥 shoofly

防洪预抢工程 precautionary work against flood 水害断道 railroad break down due to flood ； line blockade due to flood

水害抢修 rush repair of flood damage to open for traffic 抛石防护 riparap protection

临险抢护 emergency rush engineering；emergency repairs

水害复旧 restoration work for flood damage ；restoration of flood damaged structures 日降雨量 daily precipitation 雨量计 rain gage 洪水标记 flood mark 河床冲刷 channel erosion

洪水淹没 flood inundation on tracks 防水林 forestation against flood

防撞破凌 breaking up ice run；breaking up ice floe prevent collision

房屋维修 regular maintenance of buildings and structures

房建大修 major repair of buildings and structures 房建检修 inspection and repair of buildings and structures

铁道牵引动力 railway traction power；railway motive power