条码技术在物流中的应用

条码技术在物流中的应用

条码技术在现代物流业中正确使用，能够大大提升物流作业的自动化程度，减

少运作数据录入差错，提高企业物流管理效率。

现代化生产中物流过程中的不协调对于生产效率有重大影响，杂乱无章的物料仓库、复杂的生产备料及采购计划的执行几乎是所有企业所遇到的难题。物流管理信息系统的实施在一定程度上解决了这个问题，但是这样的系统仅仅提供了一种管理机制，在具体操作上仍然会存在很多困难。以数据采集为例，在某些行业中，如果没有自动化技术，人工方式的数据录入差错率可能高达SX－SX，其负

面影响可想而知。

在物流管理上应用条码可以大大减少这种差错，同时提高了物流管理效率。

焕发青春的成熟技术

我国的条码应用研究大约源于八十年代中。时至今日，条码的应用遍及各行各业，象一条条经济信息纽带将世界各地的生产制造商、出口商、批发商、零售

商和顾客有机地联系在一起。

但是在应用过程中，一维条码技术却仍然存在很多难于克服的缺陷。一维条码的容量十分有限，受码制和识读设备的限制，一般来说只有十几个字节，很难

记录商品的详细信息。另一方面一维条码的识读率较差。

为了解决上述问题，研究人员持续不断的努力促进了以PDF417为代表的二维条码的诞生。这些二维条码技术使已经步人“中年”的条码技术重新焕发了青春，

为条码在物流领域的进一步应用打下了坚实的基础。

二线条码简介

二维条码就是为了解决上述问题而发展的。以PDF417为例，它利用了先进的数学方法，在很小的面积上可以存储1000字节左右的数据。同时也具有很强的纠

错能力，在八级纠错下（ECC二8）破损50％仍可完整的恢复出数据。

二维条码也扩展了数据表示范围。一维条码一般只能记录数字或字母，而二维条码则可以表示各种可以数字化的信息。例如利用 PDF417可以存储汉字，这

在一维条码中是不太容易实现的。

二维条码这些特点丰富了条码在物流领域中的应用。大容量提供了更多的管理可能，过去只能记录商品的批号或类别，而现在则可以更详细的记录商品的特

性。

这种量的改变实际上带来的质的改变。过去条码只是一个简单的数据库索引而已，而二维条码则实际上成了物品的“身份证”，所有的信息并不需要依赖于

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数据库的存在。

在使用一维条码的情况下，供应链的L下衔接存在着一定问题，也就是上下游企业必须有一个共享的数据库存在，只有这样才能保证信息的可流动性，否则

条码出了上游企业就变成废物，下游企业根本无法利用。

有了二维条码后，利用XML等现代信息技术，供应链上下游企业只需遵循相同的规范就可以互相交流数据。企业各自的数据仍然各自维护，既维护了数据的

隐密性又保证了数据能否畅通无阻的在供应链中流动。

由此可见．二维条码技术对于物流与供应链管理带来了革命性变化，也使得

过去很难实现的管理举措有了实施的途径。

条码技术在物流管理申的应用

条码技术在物流管理中的应用是全方面的。不应该把条码看作仅仅是键盘输人方式的替代，在实际应用中，由于条码提供了过去可能无法实现的管理特性，使用条码也许会大大改变原有的供应链管理模式。从这个意义上说，条码技术的实施对于物流管理来说是一个BPR（业务过程重组）的过程。以下论述的仅仅是

条码技术在物流领域应用的少数几个示例。

＠物料管理

对于生产型企业，物料管理是企业资源计划的重要内容。在物料管理中应用条码带来的好处是多方面的。首先，条码可以作为WIP（PorkIn Process）状态的标识，准确的确定目前物料的消耗与供给情况；其次，条码对物料的标识为建立产品档案奠定了基础。通过条码反映的数据，管理者可以很容易的得知某一成品的关重件的来源与批次，这些数据可以作为物料管理的反馈输入，形成物料管

理控制的闭环。

在国内条码应用于物料管理已经有很多成功案例，如上海大众等大型生产企

业。

＠作业管理

作业管理中对条码的应用主要体现在条码成为联系工作流各环节的工具。以仓储作业为例，验货、备货、分拣、上架等环节之间的联系是很复杂的。在传统的操作方式下，业务中心与仓储工作人员之间一般以纸面单据交流，完成工作流的衔接。在应用条码之后，可以借助无线局域网建立半自动化的作业管理方式。业务中心通过无线网络将业务指令直接下达到仓储工作人员，仓储工作人员通过手持终端接收指令，并扫描条码确认工作准确无误的完成，仓储工作人员的工作

完成情况又即时传回业务中心得到确认。

较之纸面单据，利用条码和无线网络可以大大提高工作效率，同时条码也大

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大减低误操作的可能，促进了工作流的改进。

＠仓储管理

仓储管理实际上是条码应用的传统领地，其应用已经贯穿出入库、盘点、库

存管理等多方面。

在出入库过程中，条码可以加快出人库的速度，也能减少出人库操作的差错。

条码在仓储管理中带来的最大的变化是在盘点业务，传统的手工方式盘点一般是利用纸笔记录，效率不高同时存在数据失实的可能。在利用了条码后，就有可能采用自动化技术。例如在某仓库中使用了手持终端，现在的盘点方式只需要利用手持终端扫描箱体，所有盘点数据都会记录在手持终端中，手持终端也会自动处理盘点重复等错误。手持终端数据可以很方便的导入到管理系统中去。

在库存管理中，条码的上要意义在于货位保证。我们知道物流管理系统在做资源计划时，常常需要引用货位信息，但是传统方式下的货架操作，难于避免货物与货位信息的脱节。往往出现的情况就是，物流管理信息系统指示在某处出库某样物品，但操作工将叉车开到货位后却发现并不存在这样的物品。条码技术不仅可以标识所有物品，同样也可以标识货位。要求只有扫描了货位条码和货物条

码后才能完成上下架过程，就可以确保货物的货位信息总是准确的。

条码技术与信息系统的接口

最后我们谈谈条码识别技术与信息系统接口的问题。一般来说，条码生成识读都有现成的软件包可以使用。如果信息系统在规划实施时就已经考虑到了条码的需要，那么所增加的工作量是很小的。但如果信息系统已经成型，并要求二次开发增加条码支持，所牵涉的问题就比较麻烦了。后一种情况一般来说要依靠信息系统自身的开放性。例如在ERP软件的代表SAP系统中，可以借助SAP提供的

RFC接口或相应的DCOM组件来加入条码支持。

物流作为一个宏观系统，条码应用只是较小的一块。但它的应用却可能为物流管理带来革新性的变化。目前国内物流业对于条码的应用多数还处在摸索阶段，这也代表着创新的可能性仍然很人。北京南开戈德自动识别技术有限公司是国内最人的条码自动识别技术提供商之。，重点上要为国内物流企业和物流管理软件商

提供条码技术支持。

The application of bar code technology in the logistics

Bar code technology in the proper use of modern logistics industry, can greatly enhance the degree of automation of the logistics operation to reduce the operation of data entry errors and improve the efficiency of enterprise

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logistics management.

Disharmony in the logistics process for the production efficiency in modern production have a significant impact, chaotic materials warehouse, the implementation of complex production preparation and procurement plan is almost the problems encountered by all enterprises. The implementation of the logistics management information system to a certain extent to solve this problem, but the system only provides a management mechanism, there would still be many difficulties in the specific operation. Data acquisition, for example, in certain industries, automation technology, artificial means of data entry error rate may be as high as the SX-SX, its negative effects can be imagined.

Barcode logistics management can greatly reduce such errors, while improving

the efficiency of logistics management.

Rejuvenated mature technology

Bar code applications in China is approximately from the mid-1980s. Today, the bar code applications across all walks of life, all over the world like an economic information link manufacturers, exporters, wholesalers, retailers and customers

organically linked.

However, in the application process, the one-dimensional bar code technology

but there are still difficult to overcome the defects. The capacity of

one-dimensional bar code is very limited, subject to the restrictions of the code system and the reader device, generally speaking only a dozen bytes, it is difficult to record detailed information of the merchandise. The other hand, the

rate of one-dimensional bar code reading poor.

In order to solve the above problems, researchers continued efforts to promote a two-dimensional bar code PDF417 as the representative of the birth. These two-dimensional bar code technology has been step-by-step \"middle age\" bar

code technology rejuvenated, and laid a solid foundation for the further

application of the bar code in the field of logistics.

Introduction to second-line bar code

Two-dimensional bar code is developed to address these problems. PDF417 example, the use of advanced mathematical methods, can be stored in a small area of about 1000 bytes of data. Also has a strong error correction capability, eight error correction (ECC 2:8) damaged 50% can still be a complete recovery

of data.

Dimensional bar code extension data indicates the range. The one-dimensional

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bar code can only record digital or letter, the two-dimensional bar code can represent a variety of digital information. Such as the use of PDF417 can store Chinese characters, which is not easy to achieve in a one-dimensional bar

code.

These feature-rich of the two-dimensional bar code bar code in the logistics field. Large capacity to provide more management may only record the lot number or category of goods in the past, features and more detailed records of

goods.

This amount of change is actually brought about a qualitative change. Just a simple bar code database indexes, while the two-dimensional bar code actually become the \"identity card\" of items, all of the information does not need to rely

on the existence of the database.

In the case of one-dimensional bar code, the supply chain under the L-convergence there is a certain problem, which is on the upstream and downstream enterprises must have a shared database exists, the only way to ensure that the information can flow, or else bar code upstream business become waste, and the upstream and downstream enterprises can not use.

With the two-dimensional bar code, the use of XML and other modern information technology, supply chain upstream and downstream enterprises only need to follow the same specification can exchange data. Enterprise data is still maintained, both to maintain the privacy of the data to ensure that the

data whether the unobstructed flow in the supply chain.

Can be seen. 2D barcode technology has brought revolutionary changes in logistics and supply chain management, but also makes difficult to achieve

management initiatives has been the way of implementation.

The application of bar code technology in logistics management application

The application of bar code technology in the logistics management of all aspects. The bar code should not be seen as merely a substitute for the keyboard input mode, in practical applications, because the bar code may not

be achieved in the past management features, use the bar code may significantly alter the existing supply chain management model. In this sense, the implementation of bar code technology for logistics management is a process of the BPR (business process reengineering). The following discussion is only a few examples of the application of bar code technology in the logistics

field.

@ Bill of Materials Management

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Production-oriented enterprises, materials management, enterprise resource planning. In the Materials Management application of bar code benefits are many. First, the bar code can be used as the WIP (PorkIn Process), the identity of the state, to accurately determine the consumption and supply of materials; Second, the bar code on the identification of materials laid the foundation for the

establishment of the product files. Reflected through the bar code data, managers can easily learn the source and batch of a finished product of critical

importance, these data can be used as the feedback input of materials management, the formation of the closed-loop control by the Materials

Management.

In the domestic bar code used in the materials management have been many

success stories, such as Shanghai Volkswagen and other large-scale

manufacturing enterprises.

@ Operations management

Of barcode applications in operations management is mainly reflected in the bar

code to the linked workflow tools. Warehousing operations, for example, inspection, stocking, sorting, shelving and other aspects of the link between the

very complex. In the traditional mode of operation, business center and warehouse staff in general a paper document exchange to complete the convergence of workflow. After the application of bar code, the semi-automated job management can make use of wireless LAN. Business center business instructions via the wireless network directly under to reach the warehouse staff, warehouse staff via handheld terminals receiving instructions, and scan the bar code to confirm the accuracy of the completion of the work of the warehouse staff to complete the situation immediately returned the business center has

been confirmed.

Compared to paper documents, the use of barcode and wireless networks can greatly improve efficiency at the same time, the bar code, thereby greatly reducing the possibility of misuse, and promote the improvement of the

workflow.

@ Warehouse Management

Storage management is in fact the traditional territory of the bar code applications, and its application throughout the storage, inventory, inventory

management and other aspects.

Out of storage, bar code can accelerate the speed of the human library, can

also reduce the errors of the human library.

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The biggest change is the barcode warehouse management inventory in the inventory business, the traditional manual approach is the use of pen and paper record, is not efficient at the same time existing data may be inaccurate. Use of bar code, it is possible the use of automation technology. Use handheld devices

such as in a warehouse, inventory only need to use hand-held terminal scanning box, all inventory data will be recorded in the handheld terminal, hand-held terminal will automatically handle inventory repeat error. Hand-held

terminal data can be easily imported into the management system.

Inventory management, bar code on the significance of the cargo assurance. We know that the logistics management system to do resource planning, often need to reference the information of the goods, but the shelf operating under the traditional way, difficult to avoid the disconnect of goods and cargo information. Often happens is that the logistics management information system indicates a kind items in the library somewhere, but the forklift operator to open the arrival position is found that there is no such items. Bar code technology can not only identify all items, and can also identify the cargo space. Requirements only to scan the cargo space of the bar code and the goods bar code to complete the

upper and lower frame process, you can ensure that the goods cargo

information is always accurate.

Barcode technology and information system interfaces

Finally, we talk about the barcode recognition technology and information system interface. In general, barcode creation reader has a ready-made package can be used. Information systems has been considered in the planning and implementation to the needs of the bar code, then the increased workload

is very small. However, if the information system has been formed, and requirements of the secondary development to increase the bar code support, the issues involved in more trouble. In the latter case in general to rely on the openness of the information system itself. For example, can make use of ERP software on behalf of the SAP system, SAP provides the RFC interface or

DCOM components to add a bar code support.

Logistics as a macroscopic system, just a small piece of bar code applications.

But its application is likely to bring revolutionary changes in logistics management. Domestic logistics industry, most of the application for the bar code is still in the exploratory stage, it also means that the possibility of innovation still. Beijing Nankai Automatic Identification Technology Co., Ltd. is the most bar code automatic identification technology providers. Focus on domestic logistics enterprises and logistics management software vendors to

provide a bar code support.

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