教师讲义
学员姓名： 年 级：高一 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： 授课日期 授课主题 定语从句的分类和关系词的用法 1. 能够分辨定语从句的种类； 教学目标 2. 熟练分辨关系词的用法 教学重难点 重点：关系词的选用 教学内容 授课时段 定语从句-分类-关系词 一、基本概念 1．定语从句：在一个主从复合句中修饰某一个名词、代词或修饰整个主句的从句叫定语从句。换句话说，定语从句就是用来作定语的句子。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。先行词前一般用the ，但在指“一个”概念时可用 a , an ，从翻译的角度来讲就是。。。。的先行词。 3．定语从句的位置：一般紧跟在先行词后面。但有时因句子结构的需要，定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开。 Eg：The news came to us which/that he hadn’t told us before. 定从练习：把下面各组句子合并成含有定语从句的复合句。 1. The girl is not here. She is going to sing a song. ____________________________________________________________
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2. The school is a big one. The school stands near the river. ____________________________________________________________ 3. The girl works very hard. Her father is a doctor. ____________________________________________________________ 4. My uncle bought the bike last week. The bike has been stolen. ____________________________________________________________ 5．The pen is very old. I lent it to you this morning. ____________________________________________________________ ----限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 1. 区别: 形式: 非限制性定语从句与先行词之间通常有逗号, 而限制性定语从句与先行词之间则无逗号。 （1）The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. （2）China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 关系: 限制性定语从句与先行词的关系非常密切, 是先行词不可缺少的部分; 而非限制性定语从句在意义上只是先行词的一个附加修饰语, 对先行词只起进一步补充说明的作用。 先行词: 限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个的名词或代词, 非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是整个句子或其中的一部分。 2. 非限制性定语从句的“四个不能” (1) 非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。 (2) 非限制性定语从句不能用why引导, 要用for which 代替。 2
I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting. (3) 由“介词+关系代词”时, 关系代词不能用as。 (4) 指人的关系代词作宾语时用whom, 不能省略。 注意: 区分以下几个句子的不同 (理解即可) (1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college. (2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college. 3．关系代词 / 关系副词：连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词，根据其在从句中作用分为关系代词或关系副词。若先行词在从句中作主语、宾语和定语等成分时，应用关系代词引导定语从句；若先行词在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语等，应用关系副词引导定语从句。 二、基本用法 关系代词 从句中作用 作主语 who 指人 例句 whom 指人 1．This is the girl who / that teaches us English. ( who / that指人，修饰先行词the girl，在从句中宾语（可省作主语) 略） 2．He is the boy whom / who / that I met yesterday. 作宾语（可省( whom / who / that 指人，修饰先行词the boy在略） 从句中作宾语，whom / who / that 可省略。) 3．This is the girl whose father is an engineer. （whose作定语，用来修饰人） whose 指人、物 作定语 4．I live in a room whose windows face the south. （whose作定语，用来修饰物，whose windows = the windows of which 或of which the windows）
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作主语 which 指物 宾语（可省略） 作主语 6．This is the book which / that I lost yesterday. (which/ that指物，作宾语，可省略) 7．The clock is an instrument which / that can tell time. （which / that 指物，作主语） that 指人、物 宾语（可省略） 8．Do you know the woman that / who lives next door? (that / who 指人，作主语) 作主语、宾语 9．This is the same pen as I bought yesterday. (as指物，在从句中作宾语) as 指物 可修饰整个主10．As we all know, Taiwan is part of China. (as指句 代整个主句的内容) 关系副词 when where why 从句中作用 例句 作时间状语 I remember the days when I stayed there. 作地点状语 This is the room where I lost my pen. 作原因状语 This is the reason why he was late. 关系代词vs 关系副词 1.I’ll never forget the days______________ we worked together. 2.I’ll never forget the days ___________ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _____________ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _________________ he was late. 6.This is the reason __________________he gave. Have a try.
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1. The situation ___________ he got into was difficult. Let’s talk of a case this word can be used. 2. He is going to work in the position ___________ needs him most. 3. We’re just trying to reach a point both sides will sit down together and have a talk. 4. ----Do you have anything to say for yourselves? ----Yes, there’s one point _________ we must insist on. 5.There are many cases _________ we remember the words but can’t spell them. 5 定语从句中的主谓一致 1. Helen is one of the students who (speak) English. 2. Helen is the only one of the students who ________ (speak) English. 3. I, who his teacher now, didn’t know him before. Those _______ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who learn C. that learns D. who learns 6 先行词为way 或time The way _____________ he explained to us was quite simple. The way _________ he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to under to understand. What surprised me was not what he said but the way _______________ he said it. This is the second time _______ he has visited the country. I could hardly remember how many times _____ I’ve failed. There was a time ____________________ I hated to go to school. 7 定语从句与其他句型的区别[来源:学*科*网] 一、定语从句与并列句 5
1. Mr Li has three daughters, one of _____ is an engineer. 2. Mr Li has three daughters and one of _____ is a dancer. 3. Mr Li has three daughters; _____ are all doctors. 经典习题: 1. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 2. Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 3. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago? ADB A. that B. where C. which D. the one 定从练习：翻译下面句子 1．刚才作演讲的那个教授已经走了。 ____________________________________________________________ 2．你认识那个母亲是老师的女孩吗? ______________________________________________________________ 3．鸟是一种能飞的动物。 ______________________________________________________________ 4．我上周买的那支钢笔很便宜。 ______________________________________________________________ 5．门朝北开的那间房子已经被卖了。 ______________________________________________________________
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【答案】 1. The professor that / who made the speech just now has left. 2. Do you know the girl whose mother is a teacher? 3. A bird is an animal which / that can fly. 4. The pen (that / which) I bought last week is very cheap. 5. The room whose door faces north has been sold. 1. This is the bag_______my mother bought yesterday. A. which B. who C. whom D. this 2. The bag ________is red is mine. A. that B. who C. whom D. whose 3. The man _______lives next to us is my English teacher. A. who B. whom C. which D. he 4. The girl______ you saw in the street is Mary. Which one is not right? A. which B. who C. whom D. she 5. He lives in a house _______windows face south. A. that B. which C. whose D. its 6. The novel _______ cover was broken belongs to me. A. that B. whose C. who’s D. its 7. ___________ cleans the blackboard should be praised. 7
基础强化
A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who 8. Those ______ made no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise your hands. A. which B. whom C. that D. who 9. October1,1949 is the day _________ we’ll never forget. A. when B. that C. where D. in which 10.Wuxi is the second city _____he visited. A. where B. that C. in which D. it 11.This is the shop _______ sells children’s things. A. which B. where C. in which D. what 12.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ________ family was poor. A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose 13.I don’t like ________ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which 14.Which of the books _________ were borrowed from him is the best? A. which B. what C. that D. whose 15. This is all ______ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether 16.Is there anything else _______ you require. A. which B. what C. that D. as 17.This is the one of the best books ___________. A. that have ever been written B. that has written C. that has ever been written D. that have written 18. He talked happily about the men and books _______ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom 19. There is no dictionary ______ you can find everything. 8
A. that B. which C. where D. in that 20. The last place ______ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it AAABC BCDBB ADACA CABCB 1.定语从句概念及分类 2.关系词分类及用法
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