1.FInternational trade is only the exchange of goods between nations. 2. T Countries trade with each other partly because of cost advantages.
3. TTrade means countries can provide a wider variety of products for their consumers 4. T International trade can greatly expand the market, which enables the suppliers to take advantage of economies of scale.
5.TExchange rate fluctuations may create many problems for international trade.Exchange rate fluctuations may create many problems for international trade
6. T Still in some cases, political reasons can outweigh economic considerations between countries.
7. T When we provide shipping insurance service for foreigners, it can be seen as an example of invisible trade.
8.F Trade surplus means that a country’s imports exceed its exports. 9. T Tariff and quotas are the examples of trade barriers.
10. T A duty levied on a specific shipment can be an import, a protective and a compound duty at the same time.
1. ___________ is the reason why international trade first began. a. Uneven distribution of resources c. Economic benefit b. Pattern of demand d. Comparative advantage
2. If one country concentrates on the production of the goods in which it has a comparative advantage, and produces more than it can use, then it will sell the left to other countries. This reason for international trade is called ___________. a. economies of scale c. specialization b. variety of style d. patterns of demand
3. The production cost will decrease if the goods are produced on a large scale. This is called ___________. a. economies of scale c. specialization b. variety of style d. patterns of demand 4. The followings are the special problems for international trade except for ___________. a. using foreign languages and foreign currency c. having risks b. under foreign laws, customs and regulations d. numerous cultural differences
5. ___________ refers to an exchange of services, labor or other non-physical goods between countries. a. Invisible trade c. International trade b. Visible trade d. Balance of trade
6. Invisible trade consists of the following items except for ___________. a. transport services across national borders c. insurance services across national borders b. foreign tourist expenses d. product exchange across national borders
7. ___________ is the difference between the value of the goods and services that a country exports and the value of the goods and services that it imports. a. Trade balance c. Trade deficit b. Trade surplus d. Trade barrier
8. Each country has to earn ___________ to pay for imports. a. money c. cash b. foreign
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exchange d. currency
9. ___________ is collected according to physical quantity. a. Revenue tariff c. Specific duty b. Protection tariff d. Alternative duty
10. Which is not the example of trade barriers? ___________ a. Tariffs c. Import duties b. Quotas d. Income tax
1. 国际贸易international trade
2. 比较优势comparative advantage 3. 规模经济economies of scale 4. 经济增长economic growth 5. 外汇foreign currency 6. 有形贸易visible trade 7. 无形贸易 invisible trade 8. 贸易差额balance of trade 9. 贸易顺差trade surplus 10. 贸易逆差trade deficit 11. 贸易壁垒trade barrier
12. 非关税壁垒.non-tariff barrier 13. 财政关税revenue tariff 14. 保护关税revenue tariff 15. 进口关税import duty 16. 出口关税export duty 17. 从量税specific duty 18. 从价税Ad valorem duty 19. 进口许可证import license 20. 配额quota
翻译
1. International trade, also known as world trade, foreign trade or overseas trade, is the exchange of goods and services between countries.
国际贸易， 又称世界贸易、 对外贸易或海外贸易， 是国与国之间商品和服务的交换交换。
2. Trade may occur because of economies of scale, that is, the cost advantages of large-scale production.
贸易可能源于规模经济， 即大规模生产带来的成本优势。
3. Visible trade refers to exports and imports of goods, while invisible trade refers to an exchange of services, labor or other non-physical goods between countries. 有形贸易即产品的进出口， 而无形贸易则指服务和资产的交换。 4. If a country’ s exports exceed its imports, it has a trade surplus and the trade balance issaid
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to be positive. If imports exceed exports, the country has a trade deficit and its tradebalance is said to be negative.
如果出口大于进口， 即为贸易顺差， 称为出超； 如果进口大于出口， 则为贸易逆差， 称为入超。
5. A tariff is a tax levied on a commodity when it crosses the boundary of a customs area which usually coincides with the area of a country.
关税即当货物跨越关境边界时征收的税， 关境通常就是国境。
6. A quota is a limitation in value or in physical terms, imposed on import and export of certain goods for a certain period of time.
配额是对某一商品在某一特定时期的进出口加以价值或数量上的限定。 7. 各种形式的贸易壁垒主要来源于政府干预(government intervention)。 Various forms of trade barriers are largely derived from government intervention. 8. 近年来中国经济迅速增长， 贸易结构也相应改变很大。
China’s economic growth has been tremendous in recent years and its trade structure has correspondingly undergone considerable transformation.
9. 当前国际贸易中最大的困难是非关税壁垒， 如进口配额、 出口管制等。
The major difficulties in international trade today are the non-tariff barriers like quota sdttl and export controls.
10. 大多数贸易协定是多边协定， 而非双边协定。
Most trade agreements today are multilateral rather than bilateral.
Unit2
T1.A term for defining one particular grade of quality in one country may have quite a different meaning in another country.
T2.In the case of sale by buyer’s sample or sale by seller’s sample, the quality of the commodities should be strictly the same as what of the sample. Otherwise, it should be stipulated in the contract clearly.
F3.The grades of the same product are always the same in different countries.
F4.In international trade, only the Metric System is allowed to indicate the quantity of goods. T5.Different ways of measurement such as by weight, by length, by area, by volume and by capacity may be used for different products.
F6.In reality, the quantity of goods shipped must be exactly the same with that stipulated in the contract.
T7.Packing should be designed according to the need of the cargo.
F8.Generally speaking, more packing is required for containerized consignments.
T9.Marking of goods can facilitate loading, unloading, transit, storage, inspection and help avoid wrong shipment.
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T10.Nos.1- 150 in the shipping mark means that there are 150 packages of goods and this package is the first one.
1. The sample made by the seller according to the buyer’s, and then sent to and confirmed by the buyer is called d. counter sample
2. ___________ are usually sold by trade mark or brand name? a. Manufactured goods with steady quality
3. The methods commonly used to express the quality include the followings except for ___________. a. sale by sample b. sale by materials c. sale by description d. sale by trade mark or brand name
4. In international trade, the goods that are demanded on special shape or the characteristics of color and taste should be sold ___________. a. by sample b. by specification c. by grade d. by name of origin
5. Quality standard of FAQ is usually used in the trade of ___________. a. agricultural products b. wood c. aquatic products d. manufactured goods
6. If there is a quality tolerance clause in a contract, within the range of the tolerance, the buyer___________. a. must accept the goods b. can refuse the goods c. can demand the price to be adjusted
7. Quality latitude can be stipulated in the contract in the following ways except for______. a. to stipulate a certain scope b. to stipulate more or less clause c. to stipulate “max” or “min”d. to stipulate a tolerance
8. A company exports 50 tons of wheat, but the exporter delivers the extra 2 tons. If there is no other regulation on quantity in the L/C, then the importer should ___________. a. accept 52 tons b. refuse to take 52 tons c. accept extra 1 ton d. refuse to accept extra 2 tons
9. The more or less clause is normally used for ___________. a. bulk goods b. packed units c. individual items d. containerized goods
10. The followings are the typical examples of indicative marks except for ___________. a. Handle with care b. Inflammable c. Keep upright d. Keep in dry place
1. 商品描述 description of commodity 2. 对等样品 counter sample 3. 复样 duplicate sample
4. 参考样品 original sample / reference sample 5. 凭规格买卖 sale by specifications 6. 良好平均品质 FAQ 7. 上好适销品质 GMQ 8. 品牌 brand 9. 商标 trade mark
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10. 品质公差 quality tolerance 11. 品质机动幅度 quality latitude 12. 数量 quantity
13. 计量单位 unit of measurement 14. 公吨 metric ton
15. 溢短装条款 more or less clause 16. 包装 packing 17. 纸箱 carton
18. 装运标志/唛头 shipping mark 19. 指示性标志 indicative marks 20. 警告性标志 warning marks
1. In order to take the initiative, the seller may reproduce the buyer’s sample, and send it back to the buyer as a type sample. After the buyer confirms this sample, sale by buyer’s sample is changed into sale by the seller’s counter sample.
为了采取主动，卖方可根据买方样品加工出类似样品交买方确认。买方确认后，凭买方样品买卖变为凭卖方对等样品买卖。
2. FAQ means a quantity of a product that is offered not on a particular quality specification but on the basis that is equal to the average quality of the current group or recent shipment. 良好平均品质是指不按特定商品规格，而以近期的一批货物或装船货物的平均品质为基础提供的一批货物。
3. Tolerance means the permissible range within which the quality supplied by the seller may be either superior or inferior to the quality stipulated in the contract. 公差指卖方交货品质优于或劣于合同规定质量的许可范围。
4. It is very difficult to measure accurately some agricultural and mineral products like corn, wheat, coal, etc., then a “more or less clause”, also called “plus or minus clause”, may be used to allow some tolerance in the quantity.
有时难以保证装运商品的数量与合同规定完全相符，因此会使用溢短装条款或称增减条款以允许数量差额。
5. Unless there is a stipulation that the quantity of the goods must not be exceeded or reduced, or the goods are to be calculated by number of package, 5% more or less of the goods in quantity should be accepted.
如果未规定商品质量不能增加或者减少，则可有5%的增减幅度。
6. Packing should be designed according to the need of the cargo. Bulk cargoes require little packing. General merchandises require adequate packing of various types.
包装应按货物的需要来设计。散装货几乎不用包装，大路货需要不同类型的合适包装。 7. 我方对产品质量很满意，想知道它们是怎么包装的。
We appreciate the quality of your products but would like to know how they are packed.
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8. 豆子是以散装或尼龙袋供应的。
The beans are supplied in bulk or in gunny bags.
9. 我方采用纸箱而非木箱，因为纸箱同样适用于海上运输，但成本更少，重量更轻。 We have now adopted carton packing instead of wooden cases as the former is just as seaworthy as the latter while the cost is less and the weight lighter. 10. 每罐装330毫升零度可口可乐，每24罐装一纸箱。
Pack the Coco Cola Zero in tins of 330ml each, 24 tins to a carton.
Unit3
T1.A unit price consists of four parts: currency unit, unit price figure, measuring unitand price terms.
F2. Both money of account and money of payment must be stipulated in the contractclearly.
T3. The fluctuations ofexchange rates may influence the interests of traders T.4. Generally, the price of a foreign exchange is expressed in another currency. T5. Generally speaking, the exporter likes to use hard currency as payment currency.
T6. Commission refers to service fees, while discount is a certain percent of pricereduction.
F7. Commission and discount must be stipulated in the price clause in a contract.T8. According to whether the price includes commission or not, the price can bedivided into net price and commission-included price.
T9. Discount is usually used as a means ofpromoting and expanding sales.
T10. “USD200.00 per M/T CIFC2% London”means that the seller will receive 200.00US dollars for per metric ton.
1. Total cost of exporting includes ___________. a. production cost c. production cost and all charge before exporting b. sales price d. production cost, all charge and taxes before exporting
2. Which one is the best expression of unit price in international trade?___________ a. CIF LONDON US$1010/MT b. USD1,010.00/MT c. CIF LONDON USD1,010.00/MT d. CIF LONDON $1,010.00
3. The seller reduces the price by a certain percentage of the original price for the buyer, that’s to say, the seller does proper favor in price for the buyer. The favor is called____. a. commission b. discount c. advance payment d. deposit
4. While choosing the money for the payment in international trade, one should _____. a. choose hard money b. choose soft money c. choose soft money for export and hard money for import d. choose hard money for export and soft money when import
5. In international trade, the method of calculating plain commission is ___________. a. net
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price multiplied by commission rate b. commission-included price multiplied by commission rate c. net price divided by（one minus commission rate） d. commission-included price divided by（one minus commission rate）
6. In international trade, the commission is usually collected by ___________. a. the exporter b. the importer c. the insurance company d. the intermediary
7. Which one is the price including commission? ___________ a. FOBS b. FOBT c. FOBST d. FOBC
8. Which one of the following quotation is improper? ___________ a. FOB QINGDAO USD10.00/PC b. CIF LIVERPOOL GBP125.00/MT c. FOB SHANGHAI $15.25/PC d. FOB JINAN USD2.00/KG
9. The followings are included in CFR and CPT prices expect for ___________. a. production cost b. freight c. insurance premium d. profit
10. If the unit price clause is stipulated as“USD 200.00 per metric ton CIF London less 3% discount”, the seller will receive ___________ US dollars for one metric ton. a. 200.00 b. 194.00 c. 206.00 d. 196.00
1. 单价unit price 2. 总值total amount 3. 欧元EUR/Euro 4. 英镑GBP
5. 价格术语price term
6. 计价货币money/currency of account 7. 支付货币money/currency of payment 8. 本币home currency 9. 硬(通)货币hard currency 10. 软(通)货币soft currency 11. 汇率exchange rate
12. 外汇保值条款exchange proviso clause 13. 中间商intermediary 14. 明佣plain commission 15. 现金折扣cash discount 16. 数量折扣 quantity discount
1. A unit price consists of four parts: currency unit, unit price figure, measuring unit and price terms.
单价由四部分组成： 计价货币、 单位价格金额、 计量单位和价格术语。大连理工大学出 版社
2. In ISO 4217 Currency Code List, the currency code is composed of the country’s two
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character Internet country code plus an extra character to denote the currency unit. 在国际标准化组织4217货币代码表中， 货币代码由国家网络代码的两个字母和代表计价单位的另一个字母组成。
3. Total amount equals to the unit price multiplied by the quantity of the goods. It is often shown in the contract not only in Arabic numbers but also in English words.
总值等于单价乘以商品的数量。 合同中的总值不止用阿拉伯数字表示， 还用英大连理工大学出 版社文字表示。
4. Theoretically, use of hard currency as payment currency is more favorable to the exporter, while the importer prefers to pay in soft currency.
理论上来说， 以硬通货币作为支付货币对出口商来说更有利， 而进口商更愿意用软货币。
5. Foreign exchange rate is the price relationship between the currencies of two countries or the price of one currency in terms of the other.
汇率就是两国货币间的价格关系或一种货币相对于另一种货币的价格。大连理工大学出 版社
6. Plain commission is often represented by a capital letter “C” followed a percentage of commission rate, which is inserted into the price term, for example,“USD200.00 per M/TCIFC2% London
.明佣通常用大写字母“ C” 加上佣金的百分率， 嵌入价格术语中来表示， 如“CIF伦敦价每公吨200美元含2%佣金。 ” 7. 该报盘以我方最终确认为准。
The offer is subject to our final confirmation.
8. 你方如果不把价格降到市场价格水平就没有希望做成买卖。
It will be hopeless to get the business if you don’t bring your price into line with the world market.
9. 请报最优惠的CIF伦敦价， 包括3%佣金在内。
10. We’d like to have your most favorable CIF London price, including 3% commission. 10. 价格是上海工厂交货价每公吨300英镑。 The price is GBP 300 per metric ton EXW Shanghai.
Unit4
( F ) 1. All international business transactions are done under Incoterms 2010.
( T ) 2. Trade terms can be called price terms because they stand for the price component. ( T ) 3. EXW in Incoterms 2010 is the trade term under which the obligations and costs borne by and risks of the seller are minimum.
( F ) 4. Under FCA in Incoterms 2010, the risk of loss of or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer at the time the buyer accepts the goods.
( T ) 5. Generally speaking, under FOB in Incoterms 2010, it is the seller’s responsibility to
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apply for the export license and pay the export duty.
( F ) 6. Under FOB San Francisco, San Francisco is the port of destination. ( F ) 7. DAT and DAP require the seller to clear the goods for export.
( T ) 8. The buyer has more responsibilities, costs and risks when using FOB than using CIF. ( T ) 9. Under CPT Tokyo, Tokyo is the place of delivery.
( T ) 10. The DDP should not be used if the seller is unable to obtain import license directly or indirectly.
1. The trade terms define the responsibilities and expenses of ___________. a. both the seller and the buyer c. both the shipper and carrier b. both the consignee and the consignor d. both the seller and the operator
2. ___________ means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the named place of destination. a. CPT c. DAT b. DDP d. DAP
3. Under ___________, the risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are alongside the ship, and the buyer bears all costs from that moment onwards. a. DAT c. FOB b. FAS d. CIF
4. ___________ means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel or procures the goods already so delivered, and he must contract for transport and insurance. a. FAS c. CFR b. FOB d. CIF
5. In such circumstances where goods are handed over to the carrier before they are on board the vessel, for example goods in containers, which are typically delivered at a terminal, ___________ should be used. a. FCA c. CPT b. FOB d. DAT
6. The buyer should note that under ___________ the seller is required to obtain insurance only on minimum cover. a. EXW c. CIP b. FOB d. DDP
7. ___________ may be used for any mode or modes of transport. a. FCA CPT DAP c. FCA FAS CIF b. FCA FOB EXW d. FCA CFR DAT
8. ___________ can only be used for waterway transport. a. CIF CIP DAT c. CPT CIF FOB b. CFR CPT DAP d. CIF CFR FOB
9. Under ___________, the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier and not when the goods reach the place of destination. a. CFR CIF DAT c. CPT CIP FCA b. FCA FAS FOB d. DAT DAP DDP
10. ___________ requires the seller to clear the goods for export and import, where applicable. a. EXW c. DAP b. DDP d. CPT
1. Trade terms, also called price terms or delivery terms, are an important part of a unit price in international trade, standing for specific responsibilities and obligations of both the buyer and the seller.
贸易术语，又称价格术语或交货术语，是国际贸易中单价条款的重要组成部分， 代表
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买卖双方各自特定的责任和义务。
2. FCA requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. FCA 要求卖方在需要时办理出口清关手续。
3. Under CPT, the seller must contract for and pay the costs of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named place of destination.
CPT下，卖方必须订立运输合同，自付费用将货物运至指定的目的地。
4. Under CIP, the seller also contracts for insurance cover against the buyer’ s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage.
CIP下，卖方还必须订立保险合同以防买方货物在运输途中灭失或损坏风险。
5. When CPT, CIP, CFR or CIF are used, the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier and not when the goods reach the place of destination. 在CPT, CIP, CFR或CIF 适用的情形下，卖方的交货义务在将货物交付承运人， 而非货物到达指定目的地时，即告完全履行。
6. 卖方必须支付在需要办理海关手续时，货物出口应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他 费用。
The seller must pay, where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export.
7. CFR适用于海洋运输和内河沿运，而CPT则适于任何运输方式。
CFR is only applied to sea and inland waterway transport while CPT may be used for any mode of transport.
8. 卖方必须按照销售合同提供货物和商业发票。
The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale.
9. 自卖方交货之时起，买方必须承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。
The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time the goods have been delivered.
10. FOB是指卖方在指定的装运港，将货物交至买方指定的船只上，或者指（中间 销售商）设法获取按该种交付方式交付的货物。
FOB means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the named port of shipment or procures the goods already so delivered.
Unit5
T1. Sea transport is the most important mode of transport in international trade now.
T2. The freight of liners is relatively fixed, while the freight of tramps is mainlydetermined by the market.
F3. Multimodal transport means the goods are carried by at least two modes oftransport under
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at least two multimodal transport operators.
F4. Time ofshipment in a contract can only be a fixed period of time.
F5. If optional places of destination are stipulated in the contract, the extra freight dueto selecting place of destination must be paid by the importer.
T6. Partial shipment means that the goods under one contract are shipped in differentterms or by different lots.
T7. In case it was stipulated in the contract that“shipment is made during July andAugust”, one lot of the goods must be shipped in July while another in August.
F8. If there is no direct sail to the destination, a transshipment clause shall be stipulatedin the contract.
T9. Transshipment may increase the cost of shipment and the possibility of delay indelivery. T10. The notice of shipment under CFR is very important, because the buyer will takeout insurance upon receipt of the notice.
1. The characteristics of liner transport are that ___________. a. the line, the port, the time and the freight rate are fixed b. its freight is determined by the market c. the variety and quantity of goods shipped are more flexible d. the obligations and rights of both the seller and the buyer are stipulated in the B/L
2. ___________ transport is a major mode of transport in terms of capacity, only second to sea transport. a. Road b. Air c. Container d. Rail
3. ___________ transport has a high distributive ability of offering a door-to-door service. a. Air b. Road c. Sea d. Inland waterway
4. In container transport situation, the shipping company can supply “door to door” service under the condition of ___________. a. FCL/FCL b. FCL/LCL c. LCL/FCL d. LCL/LCL 5. The operator who signs the multimodal transport documents ___________. a. is only responsible for the first stage of the transportation b. must be responsible for the whole transportation c. is not responsible for transportation d. is only responsible for the last stage of the transportation
6. Which stipulation of the date of shipment is often used in a contract? ___________ a. one specific day b. within several days after the seller receives the L/C c. prompt shipment d. shipment as soon as possible
7. Which of the following is right about the stipulation of the place of destination clauses in the international trade contract? ___________ a. To stipulate the place of destination roughly. b. Only one place of destination can be stipulated in the contract. c. To stipulate two places of destination. d. More than one place of destination can be contracted in case it is difficult to decide it.
8. The seller usually sends the ___________ to the buyer immediately after the goods are loaded on board the ship, advising him of the shipment. a. shipping advice b. shipping
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instructions c. shipping date d. shipping port
9. Partial shipment may be necessary when ___________. a. direct liners are not available b. the amount of the cargo is very small c. the shipping date is very close d. the export covers a large amount of goods
10. Transshipment may be necessary when ___________. a. direct liners are not available b. the amount of the cargo is very small c. the shipping date is very close d. the export covers a large amount of goods
1. 运输方式mode of transport 2. 班轮liner
3. 不定期轮 tramp
4. 程租船voyage charter 5. 期租船time charter 6. 铁路运输rail transport
7. 集装箱运输container transport 8. 整箱货FCL/full container load
9. 拼箱货LCL/less than container load
10. 集装箱货运站 CFS/container freight station 11. 集装箱堆场CY
12. 多式联运multimodal transport 13. 托运shipper 14. 收货人carrier
15. 装运时间time of shipment 16. 装运港port of shipment 17. 目的港port of destination
18. 分批装运shipping notice/advice 19. 转运partial shipment 20. 装运通知transshipment
1. A liner operates over a regular route, stops at fixed ports according to an advertised schedule. Its freight is relatively fixed with loading and unloading charges included.
集装箱运输可以提供整装整交的门到门服务、 整装散交下的门到站服务、 拼装散交下的站到站服务和拼装整交下的站到门服务散交下的站到站服务和拼装整交下的站到门服务。
2. Multimodal transport means the carriage of cargoes by at least two modes of transport on the basis of a multimodal transport contract and only one multimodal transport operator (MTO) is responsible for taking the cargoes from the consignor and delivering them to the consignee.
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这是指在一份多式联运合同下， 采用两种或两种以上运输方式， 由一个多式联运经营人负责将货物从发货人运至收货人的运输方式。
3. There are basically two ways to set time of shipment: One is to clearly specify a period of time and the other is to create a link between the time of shipment and the time of receipt of L/C, M/T, T/T or D/D.
在 FOB或 CFR或CIF合同下， 装运港通常由卖方提出， 在得到买方确定后， 在合同中做出规定同中做出规定。
4. Partial shipment, also called shipment on installments, means that the goods under onecontract are shipped in different terms or by different lots.
分批装运又被称为分期装运， 是指一个合同项下的货物分若干期或若干批装运。 5. The seller shall notify the buyer in a shipping notice the contract number, name of commodity, quantity, name of vessel, date of shipment, etc. immediately after effecting shipment so that the buyer can make preparation for receiving the goods at the place of destination.
卖方应在装运通知， 通知买方合同号， 商品名称， 数量， 船名， 装运日期， 装运等后运等后， 买家可以在目的地的接收货物的制备。买家可以在目的地的接收货物的制备
6. 我方得到通知， 无法提前装运， 只能延期到下个月。
We have received notice that delivery has to be put off to early next month.
7. 对于CIF合同， 我方一般规定装运港为“中国港口” ， 这样便于在就近口岸装运。As a rule, we stipulate “China Port” as the port of loading, so it will be convenient toship the goods at a near port.
8. 我方可以把货物从汕头经香港转运到大阪。
We can have the goods shipped from Shantou to Osaka via Hong Kong, where theycan be transshipped.
9. 如合同规定“4到6月3等批每月装运一批” ， 则每批装运都形成一份独立的合同。As the contract provided, goods are requested to be shipped in three equal monthlyinstallments daring April to June ,each forms a separate contract. 10. 货物将于5月初到达你方港口， 届时我方将电话通知你方。
It will reach your port of destination in early May. We shall give you a call to let youknow.
Unit6
F1. Cargo transport insurance is to protect the interests of traders from any possiblefinancial losses.
T2. Goods may meet two types of risks during transit in ocean transport: perils of thesea and extraneous risks.
T3. When the cost of salvaging the consignment would exceed the value of theconsignment in sound condition, and the consignment is reasonably abandoned, weconsider it as constructive
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total loss.
T4. Sue and labor expenses arise from measures properly taken by the insured and hisagent for minimizing or avoiding losses caused by the risks covered in theinsurance policy. T5. FPA covers contribution to general average and salvage charges. T6. WPA is a wider cover than FPA.
F7. In international trade, if All Risks was covered, any loss caused by any reason onthe way can be compensated by insurance company.
F8. The additional coverage can be taken out separately. F9. It is the best way to choose a large insurance coverage.
T10. When a number of consignments of similar export goods are intended to be covered,open policy is a better method.
1. ___________ is the practice of sharing among many persons risks that would otherwise be suffered by only a few. a. Trade b. Transportation c. Insurance d. Description
2. The losses done to the goods in marine transportation can be classified into two types, namely ___________. a. actual total loss and constructive total loss b. general average and particular average c. basic loss and additional loss d. total loss and partial loss
3. In the marine cargo insurance practice, general average is ___________. a. a kind of partial loss b. a kind of total loss c. partial loss or total loss decided by the time d. constructive total loss
4. The export rice can not be used for its original function because of its having been soaked by the sea water for a long time owing to the accident. As a result, the goods have to be sold at a lower price at the destination. The loss herein is a/an ___________. a. particular average b. general average c. actual total Loss d. constructive total loss
5. WPA was covered for export goods, and part of the insured goods were damaged because of tsunami on the way, then the insurance company should ___________. a. compensate for the whole lot b. compensate for the part damaged c. compensate for none d. compensate for all the exporting goods
6. Export clothes are soaked heavily because of the ship’ s hitting the submerged reef in the sea, if the cost dealt with the damage and sent the goods to the destination is more than the value insured, and the goods were abandoned, then the loss can be regarded as______. a. general average b. actual total loss c. constructive total loss d. particular average
7. The deal was concluded on a CIF basis and the goods were covered against WPA. It happens that the goods have been burnt because of the fire after being loaded, then ___. a. the loss is due to the seller b. the seller asks the insurance company for compensation c. the buyer asks the insurance company for compensation d. the loss is due to the party who pays the freight
8. Particular additional coverage as per CIC ___________. a. can be covered alone b. can’t be
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covered alone c. can be covered alone when more than two of them are covered d. can be covered alone when only one of the insured applies for insurance
9. Under CIC, general additional risks include the following except for ___________. a. Risk of Shortage b. TPND c. Failure to Delivery d. Risk of Odor
10. Basic coverage of marine cargo insurance under CIC includes the following except for ___________. a. FPA b. War Risk c. WPA d. All Risks 1. 承保人/保险人insurer 2. 投保人/被保险人insured 3. 保（险） 费premium 4. 保险金额insured amount 5. 全部损失total loss 6. 部分损失partial loss 7. 共同海损general average 8. 单独海损particular average
9. 施救费用sue and labor expenses 10. 救助费用salvage charge
11. 保险险别/范围insurance coverage 12. 平安险FPA 13. 水渍险WPA 14. 一切险All Risks 15. 战争险War Risk
16. 保险单insurance policy
17. 保险凭证insurance certificate 18. 预约/开口保单open policy 19. 联合凭证combined certificate 20. 批单endorsement
1. Cargo transport insurance is a contract whereby the insurer, on the basis of premium paid, undertakes to indemnify the insured against losses.
货物保险即承保人在获得保险费的情况下对所保货物承担损失的补偿的契约。
2. The losses can fall into total loss and partial loss. Total loss of goods can further be divided into actual total loss and constructive total loss. Partial loss can be either general average or particular average
损失可以分为两种： 全部损失和部分损失。 全部损失可以进一步分为实际全损和推定全损。 部分损失可分为共同海损和单独海损。
3. General average is in use when both the ship and the goods on board are endangered and the captain, for the safety of the ship and the goods on board, intentionally and reasonably does some sacrifices or makes some expenses. Particular average means that a particular
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consignment is partially damaged.
当船只和船上货物受到威胁时， 船长为了维护船只以及船上货物的安全， 故意合理牺牲部分货物或者产生费用理牺牲部分货物或者产生费用， 即为共同海损。即为共同海损
4. It should be noted that “All Risks” does not, as its name suggests, really cover all risks. It excludes coverage against damage caused by war, strikes, riots, etc. 应该指出的是一切险并非如其名所示， 真的包括一切风险。 一切险条款不包括由战争、 罢工、 动乱等造成的损坏。
5. Open policy is a convenient method for insuring the goods where a number of consignments of similar export goods are intended to be covered. 预约保单是对一系列准备投保的相似货物进行投保的简便方法。 6. 由卖方按照发票金额的115%投保一切险。
Insurance is to be covered by the seller for 115% of the invoice value. 7. 我公司将按买方要求为这批货投保水渍险。
We’ll cover the goods against WPA as required by the buyer. 8. 我认为偷窃提货不着险已包含在贵公司的CIF报价中 I think TPND is included in your CIF quotation.
9. 我公司同意加保破碎险， 但其保险费由你方承担。
We agree to add the coverage of Breakage Risk, but its premium should be borne byyour company.
10. 请根据中国人民保险公司海洋运输货物保险条款按发票金额的120%向该公司投保水渍险。
Insurance is to be covered for 120% of the invoice value against WPA as per of thePeople's Insurance Company ofChina.
Unit7
T1. There are three parties involved in a draft, while two parties in a promissory note
F2. The payee and the drawer of a draft used in international trade must be the sameperson, that is, exporter.
T3. A check can be seen as a special draft. T4. Remittance involves four parties together.
T5. An L/C is a conditional bank undertaking ofpayment, and refers to banker’s credit.
F6. An L/C is irrevocable if it does not stipulate whether it is irrevocable or revocableaccording to UCP 600.
T7. The exporter prefers a confirmed L/C to an unconfirmed L/C.
F8. Under D/A, it is the bank in exporter’s country who makes acceptance to the draftand delivers documents to the importer.
T9. In the case of D/P, documents will not be released to the importer until payment ismade.
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T10. As to the exporter, the risk of D/A 60 days after sight is greater than D/P 60 daysafter sight.
1. There is a draft whose drawer and drawee are both bankers. Which one is it in the followings? a. Commercial draft. b. Banker’s draft. c. Clean draft. d. Documentary draft. 2. There are three parties to a draft. Which one is not included? a. Drawer. b. Drawee. c. Payee. d. Bank.
3. A Check is a kind of ___________ drawn on a banker.a. sight draft b. time draftc. sight promissory note d. time promissory note
4. Which one of the following is not the means of remittance? a. L/G. b. M/T.c. T/T. d. D/D. 5. Which means of international payment is a kind of banker’s credit? a. Remittance. b. Collection. c. L/C. d. D/D.
6. Which L/C means double guarantee for the beneficiary?g ya. Revocable L/C. b. Documentary L/C.c. Confirmed L/C. d. Transferable L/C.
7. As to confirmed L/C, the payment responsibility of confirming bank is ___________.a. primary b. secondary c. third d. fourth
8. The most important document in documentary collection is ___________a. commercial invoice b. certificate of originc. bill of exchange d. certificate of inspection
9. As to the exporter, the risk of D/P, D/A and L/C can be arranged (from great to small) asfollowings: ___________.a. D/A, D/P, L/C b. L/C, D/P, D/Ac. D/P, D/A, L/C d. D/A, L/C, D/P
10. In the following terms of settlement, which is the most risky one for the exporter? a. T/T in advance. b. D/A. c. D/P at sight. d. D/P after sight. 1. 汇票出票人draft/bill of exchange 2. 出票人drawer
3. 受票人/付款人drawee/payer 4. 受款人payee 5. 支票check
6. 本票promissory note
7. 支付方式term of payment 8. 汇付remittance/remit 9. 信汇mail transfer (M/T)
10. 电汇telegraphic transfer (T/T) 11. 票汇demand draft (D/D)
12 不可撤销信用证irrevocable L/C 13. 保兑信用证confirmed L/C 14. 即期信用证sight L/C
15. 远期信用证usance/time L/C
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16. 不可转让信用证non-transferable L/C 17 跟单托收documentary collection
18. 承兑交单Documents against Acceptance (D/A) 19. 即期付款交单D/P at sight 20. 远期付款交单D/P after sight
1. Draft, also referred to as bill of exchange, is an unconditional written order issued by one person (the drawer) to another (the drawee), requiring the latter to pay on demand, or at a fixed time or determinable future time a sum of money to or to the order of a specified person, or to the bearer (the payee).
汇票是一个人（出票人） 向另一个人（受票人） 签发的， 要求其在见票时、 某一特定时间、 或者在指定日期无条件支付确定的金额给某人或者持票人（受款人） 的票据。2. Sight draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee while time draft is payable at a later date e g 30 45 60 or 90 days after sight or a certain dateis payable at a later date, e.g. 30, 45, 60, or 90 days after sight or a certain date.
即期汇票要求受票人示票后立即付款， 远期汇票要求在见票后30、 45、 60、 90天或某一特定日期进行付款。
3. According to the different means of sending the trust deed for payment, remittance can be divided into mail transfer (M/T), telegraphic transfer (T/T) and demand draft (D/D). 根据银行间转交信托书的方式， 汇付可分为信汇、 电汇和票汇。
4. L/C is a written undertaking by a bank to the exporter at the request, and in accordancewith the instruction of the importer to effect payment up to a stated sum of money, within aprescribed time limit and against documents. It is a kind of banker’s credit.
信用证就是银行根据要求， 按照买方指示承诺在某一特定时期内根据单据向卖方支付一定金额的书面承诺。 跟单信用证是一种银行信用。
5. A confirmed L/C means that the confirming bank in the exporter’s country will pay if theissuing bank cannot pay. Thus, the exporter has double assurance of payment and is betterprotected
保兑信用证是指如果开证行无法付款， 则由出口国的保兑行进行支付。 卖方具有获得货款的双重保证， 能得到较好的保护。
6. In the case of D/P, documents will not be released to the importer until payment is made. There are D/P at sight and D/P after sight. In the case of D/A, documents are handed over to the importer upon his acceptance of the draft drawn by the exporter. Payment will not be made until a later date.
付款交单需要实际付款后交单， 分为即期付款交单和远期付款交单。 承兑交单时， 进口商对出口商出具的汇票进行承兑后就能拿到单据， 隔一段时间再进行付款。 7. 我们都让让步， 一半用信用证， 一半用付款交单怎么样？
To meet each other half way, what do you say to 50% by L/C, and the balance by D/P?
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8. 据我所知， 你方按国际惯例， 也接受其他支付方式。大连理工大学出 版社
As far as I know, you now do business according to international practice and alsoaccept other kinds of terms ofpayment.
9. 我方要求15%的预付货款于装运前一个月电汇至我公司。
We demand a payment of 15% in advance be remitted by T/T to us one month beforethe date ofshipment.
10. 贵公司应凭我公司的跟单汇票于见票时付款。
You should make payment against our documentary draft upon presentation.
Unit8
( F ) 1. The agency to inspect the commodities in international trade must be decided by the exporter and the importer.
( F ) 2. When DDP is used, the commodity is generally inspected in the exporting country. ( F ) 3. All export commodities should be inspected by authorized commodity inspection bureaus.
( T ) 4. To make inspection after shipment means that the inspection carried out at the port/place of destination or at the importer’ s premises in importing country will be final. ( T ) 5. For one contract, the same method of inspection should be used for inspection and reinspection to avoid disputes.
F6.Once the payment of penalty is made, the contract is no longer to be performed. F7. Penalty and compensation for the losses in sales contract are the same thing. F8.The seller should be liable for the losses caused by force majeure. F9.Arbitration is the best way to solve problems in international trade.
T10.The arbitral award once made is the final decision and has the force of law.
1. Among those inspection methods, the most commonly used one is ___________. a. to make inspection before shipment b. to make inspection after shipment c. to make inspection in exporting country and reinspection in importing country d. to take the weight inspected before shipment as final and the quality inspected after shipment as final.
2. The deal was concluded on a CIF basis and the goods were insured against All Risks and War Risk. The seller delivered the goods according to the contract stipulation and submitted clean B/L to the buyer. After receiving the goods, the buyer found that the goods are damaged because of the damage to the outside packing. There is also a sea protest showing that the damage is due to heavy weather. Whom should the buyer claim against?_______ a. Shipping company. b. Insurance company. c. Seller. d. Carrier.
3. When ___________ happens, the party that fails to perform the contract is allowed to relieve liabilities of the non-performance. a. war b. that world market price goes up c. manufacture fault d. currency devaluation
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4. In international commodity sales, the commonly used way to stipulate force majeure clause is ___________. a. in a general way b. without stipulation c. in a way to list the scope d. in a comprehensive way
5. The necessary condition of settling disputes through arbitration is that ___________. a. the seller and buyer have an arbitration agreement or an arbitration clause in the contract b. the seller and buyer have contract c. the case can’t be settled through conciliation d. one party comes to nothing through litigation
6. The following descriptions of arbitration award are correct except for ___________. a. the award is final. b. the seller or buyer can sue in a law court about the award. c. if the award is not executed by one party, the other may ask the competent court to enforce it. d. the award is binding upon both parties.
7. If the sales contract between a Chinese company and a Japanese company stipulates that the arbitration shall be conducted in defendant’s country. Where will the arbitration be heard if the Japanese company is the claimant? ___________ a. Beijing. b. London. c. Tokyo. d. New York.
8. Generally speaking, an arbitration clause should specify the following points except for ___________. a. an arbitration agency b. a location for arbitration c. the number of arbitrators d. an arbitral award
9. The number of arbitrators in an arbitration tribunal can be the followings except for ____. a. 1 b. 3 c.4 d. 5
10. In international trade, the best method of settling disputes is ___________. a. negotiation b. lawsuit c. arbitration d. Litigation
1. 质量检验证书inspectioncertificate of quality 2. 数量检验证书inspection certificate of quantity 3. 重量检验证书inspection certificate of weight 4. 价值检验证书inspection certificate of value 5. 原产地证certificate of origin 6. 异议discrepancy 7. 索赔claim 8. 罚金penalty
9. 赔偿compensate/compensation 10. 不可抗力force majeure 11. 仲裁机构arbitration agency 12. 仲裁arbitration
13. 裁决tribunal(tribunal) award 14. 审理hearing
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Unit9
T1. Generally speaking, it is necessary for the importer to clearly specify a period of validity when applying for the opening of L/C.
T2. The issuing bank should be located in the importer’s country, while the advising bank should be located in exporter’s country.
F3. The importer will inform the exporter the opening ofL/C and pass the L/C to him. T4. The L/C should arrive at the exporter several days before the time ofshipment. F5. It is only the exporter that should examine the L/C. F6. All the discrepancies in an L/C should be amended.
F7. The L/C can be amended directly by applicant and transferred to the beneficiary
T8. If the exporter does not return the unacceptable amendment notification to advising bank within 3 says after he receives it, it will be thought that he has agreed to theamendment.
T9. When there are more than two changes in L/C amendment, the beneficiary can onlyaccept all or refuse all.
F10. The amendments should be announced one by one for several times
1. 开证申请人applicant 2. 受益人Beneficiary
3. 开证行opening bank/issuing bank 4. 通知行advising bank/notifying bank 5 保兑行confirming bank 6. 代理行correspondent bank 7. 议付行negotiating bank 8. 偿付行reimbursing bank 9.付款行paying bank 10. 有效期validity
11. 承兑acceptance/accept
12. 修改通知书amendment notification
Unit11
T1.Trading companies can arrange shipment by themselves or through freight forwarding agents.
T2.The freight forwarding agent usually levies a service fee based on a percentage of the freight charge for income.
T3.Freight rates can be influenced by such factors as mode of transport, origin and destination
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of the goods, nature of goods and packing.
F4.One weight ton is equal to one cubic meter, while one measurement ton to one metric ton. T5.“W/M or Ad Val.” means that the highest one of them will be collected for freight. F6.The air freight includes charges such as customs fees and storage fees. F7.Lay time in the contract is the same thing as shipment time.
F8.Consignment note is used not only for road or rail transport, but also for multimodal transport.
T9.Bill of lading represents the title to the goods and needs to be handled carefully.
F10.The consignee can take delivery of the goods by using either originals or copies of B/L signed by the carrier.
1. If a B/L can be transferable, it must be a/an ___________. a. clean B/L b. transshipment B/L c. order B/L d. on board B/L
2. Based on whether the goods are loaded or not, the B/L can be classified into _________. a. clean B/L and unclean B/L b. direct B/L and transshipment B/L c. straight B/L and order B/L d. on board B/L and received for shipment B/L
3. ___________ is issued by the shipping company after the goods are actually shipped on board the designated vessel. a. Shipped B/L b. Clean B/L c. Received for shipment B/L d. Liner B/L
4. ___________ merely confirms that the goods have been handed over to and are in custody of the ship-owner. a. Shipped B/L b. Clean B/L c. Received for shipment B/L d. Liner B/L 5. ___________ means that there is no definite consignee of the goods. a. Blank B/L b. Order B/L c. Straight B/L d. Direct B/L
6. Under ___________, only the named consignee at the destination is entitled to take delivery of the cargo. a. Blank B/L b. Order B/L c. Straight B/L d. Direct B/L
7. Combined transport B/L differs from through B/L in that ___________. a. only one carrier is involved in through B/L b. only one carrier is involved in combined transport B/L c. combined transport B/L is always connected with sea d. through B/L is not connected with sea 8. Air waybill differs from B/L in that ___________. a. air waybill is not a negotiable title to goods b. air waybill is a receipt of goods c. air waybill is the evidence of dispatch d. both a and b
9. Under CIF, freight on the B/L is marked as ___________. a. Freight Prepaid b. Freight Collect c. Freight Pre-payable d. Freight Unpaid
10. Which one of the following bills of lading can be transferred only after endorsement? ___________ a. Straight B/L b. Bearer B/L c. Order B/L d. Ocean B/L
1. 运输代理行 freight forwarding agents 2. 运价 freight rate
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3. 重量吨 weight ton
4. 尺码吨 measurement ton
5. 从价运费 ad valorem freight rate 6. 议价费率 open rate
7. 普通货运费率 General Cargo Rates (GCR)
8. 指定商品运价 Specific Commodity Rates (SCR) 9. 装卸时间 lay time 10. 滞期费demurrage 11. 速遣费 dispatch
12. 航空运单 air waybill
13. 铁路运单 rail consignment note document 14. 多式联运单据 multimodal transport 15. 已装船提单 shipped (On board) B/L 16. 清洁提单 clean B/L 17. 记名提单 straight B/L 18. 不记名提单 blank B/L 19. 指示提单 order B/L 20. 联运提单through B/L
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